geography
the seven key concepts of geography
place
space
environment
interconnection
sustainability
scale
change
are parts of the earths surface. places can be natural or built. geographers study the concept of place to help understand why people originally settled there. For example: school
is an additional in geography because it helps us to understand what is happening around us.
three main points elements:
two different environments natural and physical. other environments are built/manmade. like large cities and suburbs. the study of environments helps geographers to analyse the changes humans.
they use this concept to better understand the complex links between natural and human processes that shape our earth
relates to ongoing of earth to maintain all life. this means to develop ways to ensure that all resources on earth are used and managed responibly so they are there for future generations
change is important in geography because it helps us to understand what happens around us. changes can be caused by natural processes like climate or natural disasters.
location: where things are located on the earths surface
spatial distribution: the shapes and patterns in which things are arranged on the earths surface
organisations: how and why things are arranges and managed on the earths surface by people
examples: classrooms
natural processes: the water cycle or the food chain
human activities: movement of people
mapping
GPS: global positioning system
BOLTSS: border orientation legend title scale source
physical maps
shows the location and names of natural features of the earth
political maps
show the locations and names of built features of the earth
dot distribution maps
use dots or shapes to represent a range of different features.
flow maps
show movement from one place to another
overlay maps
show how features on the earths surface may be related to each other
choropleth maps
use different shades of the same colour to give a quick impression of the pattern formed by data being showed.
topographic maps
show the shape of the land by using contour lines
direction
the four main cardinal points are north, east, south and west
must always be shown on maps because it enables the user to work out the location of features shown.
landscapes and landforms
landscapes: are a part of the earths surface. e.g. mountains, coastal, riverine, karts, arid and human landscapes.
landforms: is a natural geographic feature or shape that appears on the earths surface. e.g. large landforms: mountains, plains and rivers.
small landforms: hills and billabongs.
natural & human landscapes: natural landscapes are mainly unaffected by human activities, typically naturally made, like mountains and deserts.
human landscapes are created by humans like cities and farms.
types of landscapes
mountains: formed by tectonic plates on the earths surface which push against each other. mountains rise high above their surroundings.
coastal: where the land meets the sea. they are shaped by the natural forces of the wind and waves. some include beaches, dunes, bays etc.
riverine: formed by natural movement of a water system such as a river. this landscapes also includes ecosystems. riverine landscapes are excellent for agricultural uses like farming.
deserts: is defined as an area of land which receives no more than 250 millimetres of rain per year.
click to edit
hot deserts: located along the tropics of caner and capricorn
cold desert: are located to the Arctic and Antarctic circles
karsts: is formed when easily dissolvable bedrock is worn away by slightly acidic water. these flows of water form unique feature like caves, stalactites, springs and sinkhole, they are extremely unstable areas of land.
human: are created by people. it provides evidence of human settlement and occupation of an environment. human landscapes include roads, building, transport, energy, sewerage and telecommunication
natural disasters
cyclones
lightning
earthquake
wildfires
flood
avalanches
tsunamis
tonadoes
volcanoes
Natural disasters are extreme, sudden events caused by environmental factors that injure people and damage property.
Are giant mountains made of molten rock with hot ash and lava in it. They are formed by tectonic plates that continually shift and bumping into one another.
Fires caused by natural or human activities. Normally caused by either, lightning or rising temperatures
A sudden shaking in the earths surface. They are caused by the tectonic plates colliding which also cause orogeny
Is a giant spark of electricity in the atmosphere between clouds. They are caused by imbalances between storm clouds and the ground.
Are intense spinning storms with low pressure centres. They are formed over warm oceans where the cyclone gathers its energy.
A large amount of water beyond its normal limits. they are normally formed when water inundates land that's normally dry
Are masses of snow, ice or rocks that fall rapidly down a mountainside. Avalanches are sudden and there are normally now warning signs.
Is a series of ocean waves that send surges of water onto land very vigorously. They are caused by a large undersea earthquake at tectonic plate boundaries
Are a vertical funnel of rapid spinning air. They normally come from supercells and large thunderstorm that have winds already rotating
landslides
Are quite common in mountain landscapes. They are a large scale of movement of soil, mud, rocks or snow carried downhill
what is it?
is the study of physical features of the earths and it's atmosphere
longitude and latitude
Maps that show large parts of the earth use gridlines called longitude and latitude to help locate places accurately
click to edit
longitude: are lines that run from north to south (up and down) also known as meridian
latitude: lines that run from east to west (left to right) also known as parallel. The line of latitude midway between the north pole and the south pole is known as the equator.
each line is identified as degrees than it is distance
Equator: a line dividing the earth into southern and Northern hemisphere which is located at 0 degrees