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Biological approach (Criticisms for evolutionary explanations…
Biological approach
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The brain and behavior
Localization
Localization of function is the theory that specific parts of the brain are responsible for specific behaviours or cognitive processes
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Neuroplasticity
The development of neural networks through repetition and neural pruning is both genetic and subject to environmental influences
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Neurotransmitters
A chemical substance made by neurons that transmits messages, enabling communication between neurons.
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Genetics and behaviour
Genetic similarity
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studies such as twin studies and family studies study the similarities between genes of people who are related.
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Twin studies:
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Di zygotic twins develop from different eggs therefore share 50% of genotype that same as regular siblings.
Hormones and Pheromones
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Hormones
A hormone is a chemical substance produced in the endocrine system and transported through the bloodstream to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
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Cortisol
Produced by the adrenal gland, and it energizes the body by increasing blood sugar and metabolism. it also plays a role in stress.
Oxytocin
Produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior lobe, Oxytocin plays a role in mother-child attachment, as well as social bonding and trust between people. also known as the "cuddle hormone"
Animal Studies
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Animals are used because they are similar to humans both genetically and physiologically. they also breed faster than humans. they age faster and they can be used for procedures that are seen as unethical for humans