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Geography (Mapping (Choropleth Maps (Choropleth maps use different shades…

- - - - A desert is defi ned as an area of land which receives no more than 250 millimetres of rain per year. Deserts cover about one-third of the Earth’s surface and contain some of the most uninhabitable regions on Earth. There are two types of deserts – hot deserts and cold deserts. Hot deserts are located along the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (the latitude lines to the north and south of the Equator). Cold deserts are located closer to the Arctic and Antarctic Circles (the circles of latitude in the far north and far south). Because of the lack of rain they have little vegetation (plant life). Instead deserts are characterised by sand dunes, rock and gravel.
    - - A karst landscape is formed when easily dissolvable bedrock (the rock below the surface of the land) such as limestone is worn away by slightly acidic water, from an underground source or a source on the Earth’s surface. These fl ows of water form unique features such as caves, stalactites, springs and sinkholes. Karst landscapes are extremely unstable areas of land. Sinkholes are formed when rock beneath the Earth's surface has eroded away and sections of land on the surface collapse. Sinkholes can range in size from a few metres to more than 1 kilometre deep and have been known to occasionally collapse, swallowing up everything on the surface including cars and buildings.
    - - A riverine landscape is one formed by the natural movement of a water system such as a river. A riverine landscape includes the ecosystems (all living things including plants and animals) in and around the area of a river. A riverine landscape may also be defi ned as a network of rivers and the surrounding land. Riverine landscapes are excellent for agricultural uses such as farming because the land is rich and fertile. They are a valuable resource for growing food.
    - - The coast is where a land mass meets the sea. Coastal landscapes are shaped by the natural forces of the wind and waves. These geographical forces erode (wear away) or construct (build up) the natural environment, constantly changing its shape. Features of coastal landscapes include beaches, dunes, bays, cliffs, platforms, spits and lagoons.
    - - Unlike the types of naturally occurring landscapes described above, human landscapes are created by people. Human landscapes provide evidence of human settlement and occupation of an environment. Features of human landscapes include elements of infrastructure such as buildings, roads, transport, energy, sewerage and telecommunication systems. The construction of human landscapes often results in the damage or destruction of natural landscapes but commonly incorporates some natural geographical features in its design, for example harbours and mountains.
    - - Mountain landscapes are formed by tectonic plates on the Earth’s surface pushing against each other. This movement and pressure causes the shape of the land to change. The land is pushed up in a vertical direction and over time forms mountains. Mountains rise high above their surroundings. Mountains can stand alone, be grouped in ranges, or form ridges.