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Explanations and Treatments for schizophrenia and AN (Schizophrenia…
Explanations and Treatments for schizophrenia and AN
Schizophrenia explanations
Neurotransmitters
hypersensitive D2 receptors increases positive symptoms
Liebermen (1987) 75% new or increase in psychosis with amphetamine
higher density dopamine receptors in cerebral cortex
Seeman (2013) more D2 receptors have high affinity
Evaluation
Antipsychotics: not all patients respond; clozapine also works on serotonin receptors and increases dopamine levels in some parts of the brain
overly simplistic as there are other reduced side-effects - complex interrelationship between nature and nurture (Brown and Birley 1968) 50% major life event
Evidence from Parkinson's with high L-Dopa prescriptions suffer positive symptoms
illness may change brain chemistry
Developmental (imbalance) - genes at conception, prenatal factors e.g. infection, chemical exposure
Genetic
2-6% if 2nd-degree relative and 6-17% 1st-degree
Gottesman and Shields (1991) 48% MZ, 17% DZ - environmental factors?
Evaluation
no recessive allele found but Harrison and Owen suggest there are 6 different genes
Adoption studies e.g. Tienari et al (2000) 7% bio mother with schizophrenia compared to those without 2%
Diathesis-stress model
Cognitive theory
lack of confirmation of delusions