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Geography (the six key concepts (interconnection (Geographers use the…
Geography
the six key concepts
interconnection
Geographers use the concept of interconnection to better understand the complex links between natural and human processes that shape our Earth. Places and people can be linked in many different ways that can be categorised as:
• human activities, such as the movement of people, the production and trade of goods and
• natural processes, such as the water cycle and the food chain
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change
The Earth is constantly changing. Some changes occur very rapidly and are easy to see, while others take place over millions of years and are almost undetectable to us.
place
Places are parts of the Earth’s surface that are identified and given meaning by people. A place can be as small as your bedroom or as large as the entire planet!
landforms and landscapes
riverine
A riverine landscape is formed by the movement of a water system such as a river. A riverine landscape can also be defined as a network of rivers and the surrounding land.
desert
A desert is an area that receives no more than 250 millimetres of rain per year. Deserts cover about one third of the earths surfaces and are some of the most uninhabitable places on earth.
coastal
The coast is where al and mass meets the sea. Coastal landscapes are shaped by the wind and the waves. These forces can gradually destroy or construct the landscape.
karst
Karst landscapes are formes when easily dissolvable bedrock is worn away by slightly acidic water. Karst landscapes are extremely unstable areas of land.
mountain
Mountain landscapes are formed by tectonic plates pushing against each other. This movement causes the land to change. The land is pushed up in a vertical direction forming a mountain. Mountains can stand alone, be grouped in ranges, or form ridges
human
Unlike the other landscapes human landscapes are made by people. Human landscapes include infrastructure such as buildings, roads, transport, energy, sewerage, and telecommunication systems.
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maps
BOLTSS
legend
an explanation of the symbols, colours and patterns used on the map (also known as a key)
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orientation
an indication of direction, usually shown with a north arrow or compass rose
scale
a way of indicating what distances on the map represent in the real world. Scale can be shown in three different ways: as a written scale, a line scale or a ratio.
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source
where the information used to create the map came from. If these details are not known, simply write ‘Source: unknown’.
more complex maps
weather maps
Weather maps show conditions in the atmosphere, such as air pressure, wind speed and wind direction.
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topographic maps
Topographic maps show the shape of the land (such as the shapes formed by valleys, hills and ridges) by using contour lines. Numbers on some of the contour lines show the height of the land above sea level.
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simple maps
political maps
Political maps show the locations and names of built features of the Earth. These may include country borders, state and territory borders, cities and towns.
dot distribution maps
use dots (or shapes) to represent (and sometimes compare) a range of different features. The dots show the location of the chosen feature.
physical maps
Physical maps show the locations and names of natural features of the Earth. These may include deserts, mountains, rivers, plains, oceans, reefs, volcanoes and lakes.
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choropleth maps
Choropleth maps use different shades of the same colour to give a quick impression of the pattern formed by the data being shown.
direction
Direction must always be shown on maps because it enables the user to work out the location of features shown.
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natural desasters
volcanic eruptions
Volcanoes are dangerous natural features that can erupt without warning causing devastating damage to local natural and manmade environments while taking many human and animal lives.
earthquakes
Earthquakes can occur in three different ways earth movement, tectonic plates fault lines. Movement in the Earth's crust causes an earthquake. The sudden release of friction and pressure between tectonic plates causes an earthquake.
tornadoes
A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud.
tsunamis
The largest and most common tsunamis occur when the sea floor moves upwards during an earthquake. Tsunamis can also occur from underwater volcanic eruptions and landslides.
floods
A flood is when a large amount of water overflows beyond its limit. A flood can occur when the ground is unable of absorbing water from rainfall, melting ice and snow.
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