Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

ATTACHMENT (2)attachment (Romanian Orphan Studies rom (Evaluation…

- - - - Stranger anxiety
      - Separation anxiety
      - Exploration & secure-base behaviour
      - Response to reunion with caregiver after separation
      - Proximity seeking
    - - Caregiver leaves
      - Caregiver returns, stranger leaves
      - Stranger enters & talks to parent
      - Caregiver leaves child alone
      - Child encouraged to explore by parent
      - Stranger returns
      - Caregiver returns
- - - - Looked at whether attachment type proportions in Italy had changed over time - assessed 76 12-month olds using Strange Situation
      - Varied sample with mothers of different backgrounds
    - - Lower rate of secure attachment (50%)
      - Mothers working longer hours
  - - - Located 32 studies using Strange Situation from 8 countries
      - Meta-analysis of results
      - Studied proportions of the 3 attachment types between/within countries
    - - In collective cultures (China, Japan & Israel) unlike individualist cultures (UK) insecure-avoidant reduced & insecure-resistant attachment higher as above 25%
      - Variation within countries greater than variation between countries e.g.. USA one study found only 46% securely attached compared to another sample of 90%
      - Secure attachment most common in all cultures
- - - - 44 thieves & families interviewed
      - Assessed for Affectionless Psychopathy (AP)
    - - Out of 14 APs, 12 had experienced prolonged separations
      - Out of 30 non-APs, 5 had experienced prolonged separations
    - - Limitation - sources of evidence (WW2 orphans, poor quality orphanages, 44 thieves etc) flawed - war-orphans traumatised & poor after-care which may have been cause
      - Limitation - counter-evidence which doesn't support his findings. Lewis (1954) looked at 500 young people & found history of early prolonged separation from mother did not predict criminality or difficulty forming close relationships
      - Limitation - later research suggested critical period more of a sensitive period & can be reversed. Koluchova (1976) case of twin boys isolated from 18 months until 7 years old (locked in cupboard). Recovered fully when looked after by 2 loving adults.
      - Strength - animal studies show effects of maternal deprivation
      - Limitations - Bowlby carried out the assessments for Affectionless Psychopathy & family interviews, knowing what he hoped to find
- - - - Functioning assessed at 4,6,11 & 15
      - Compared to control group of 52 British adopted children
      - 165 Romanian orphans adopted in UK
    - - Frequency of disinhibited attachment also related to age of adoption - if adopted before 6 months they were OK, not if after
      - These differences continued in later assessments
      - IQ scores were related to age of adoption - earlier adopted the higher the IQ
  - - - Assessed attachment type in institutionalised children using the Strange Situation
    - - 19% secure, 65% disorganised (lack of consistent patterns of social behaviour)
- - - - Analysed 620 replies to newspaper "love quiz"
      - 3 sections assessing current/past attachment/relationships
    - - 56% secure, 25% insecure-avoidant, 19% insecure-resistant
      - Attachment type in infancy reflected in romantic relationships - secure most likely to have good/long-lasting relationships, avoidant had jealousy & fear of intimacy