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Pathologies of the Nervous System (Brain (cephalgia (a headache), migraine…
Pathologies of the Nervous System
Meninges
meningitis
the tissues of the meninges become inflamed
meningioma
a tumor that arises from the tissues of the meninges
hydrocephalus
is the build-up of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
Brain
cephalgia
a headache
migraine headache
is severe headache that generally occurs on one side of the head, and is often accompanied by nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound
cluster headaches
also severe headaches that generally occur on one side of the head, with the pain centering behind the eye
amnesia
the loss of memories
epilepsy
a disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal and results in a seizure
seizure
a change in level of consciousness, behavior, and movements or feelings that occurs for a short period of time
absence seizure
the most subtle type of seizure
tonic-clonic seizure
the most dramatic type of seizure and involves the entire body
anticonvulsant
administered to prevent seizures
encephalocele
when the bones of the skull do not form completely, allowing the meninges to protrude outside of the body
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
Reye’s syndrome
syndrome causes swelling of the brain and liver
Tourette syndrome
a disorder that characterized by involuntary tics
Cerebral palsy
a disorder that affects movement, postures, and muscle tone
brain tumor
an abnormal growth of the tissue in the brain
Gamma knife surgery
a type of radiation treatment used to treat brain tumors
lobectomy
the surgical removal of a portion of the brain
MS
a progressive autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system
Echoencephalography
ultrasound technology to visual deep structures of the brain
Electroencephalography.
involves recording the electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp
epidural hematoma
blood collect between the skull and dura mater
subdural hematoma
the blood collects deep to the dura mater
Stroke
ischemic stroke
blood supply to the brain is greatly reduced or interrupted completely, such as may happen when a blood vessel is occluded by clot or embolus
transient ischemic attack
when the interruption is temporary
hemorrhagic stroke
a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding within the brain and prevention the tissues downstream from receiving blood
arteriovenous malformations
congenital malformations between the arteries and veins in the brain
Traumatic Brain Injuries
occur from a violent blow or jolt to the body
concussion
a loss of awareness, memory, balance and coordination
cerebral contusion
occurs when the brain bounces against the rigid interior of the skull and bruises
Shaken baby syndrome
occurs when an infant or toddler is forcefully shaken
Neurodegenerative disease
any disease in which there is a progressive loss of function and/or structure of the neurons of the brain
Cognition
thinking
Dementia
a group of symptoms that affects cognition, especially memory and social abilities
Alzheimer’s
proteins in the brain fail to function properly and affect the functioning of the surrounding neurons