The Relations of the Crusader States

Byzantium

Latin West

Muslim Near East

Indigenous Peoples

The Crusaders had frightened Alexius with their sheer numbers. He did his best to move them on from Constantinople and provide help

Raymond of Toulouse spent some time there after the 1st Crusade and joined Stephen and Hugh on Crusade of 1101

Bohemond refused to hand over Antioch-sent letter to Urban in 1098 saying Alexius wasn't helping- grossly exaggerated opinion

Bohemond captured after Crusade- eventually released and began a Crusade against Byzantium- attacked Durazzo- Treaty of Devol- Bohemond agrees but Tancred not

1118= death of Alexius- Emperor John II- retook Antioch in 1137- Raymond would hold city for John- Joscelin and Raymond II of Tripoli also became John's vassals- but they didn't help him capture Aleppo

1142- John tries to push Raymond from Antioch- extracted promises of good behaviour from Joscelin by taking hostages- tried to take Antioch but wasn't let in

John withdrew to Cilicia- later fatally injured in a hunting accident

Overall- not good

Immediate response to 1st Crusade victory was elation

There were further Crusades e.g. 1101 (Duke Welf of Bavaria and William of Aquitaine) and 1110 (King Sigurd of Norway)

Bohemond's return to Europe indicates a love for the East from the West- returned a hero and married King of France's daughter- not welcomed back to Outremer- had become a liability following his disastrous attack on Byzantium

Baldwin II chose Fulk of Anjou as Melisende's husband

Willingness of Franks and Muslims to make alliances

Baldwin and Tancred both united with Muslims against each other

Crusaders allowed Muslims back into Jerusalem- had to pay a tax like the Jizya