Types of Guidance
Visual Guidance
Demonstrations must be accurate, relevant, appropriate to the ability of group, short, simple
DISADS: demotivation if performer cannot replicate, can be boring for experienced performers, poor replication if image was inaccurate
ADS: good for cognitive phase, cues can be highlighted, can highlight specific weaknesses, good for beginners
Can be videos, images, diagrams, demonstrations
= learner is shown the skill
Verbal Guidance
= learner listens to the skill
Can be coach speaking, audio video, a peer giving them advice
Information must be clear, accurate, short, relevant, and immediately before/ after performance
ADS: good for all stages of learning, useful for autonomous, feedback can be given before, during and after performance
DISADS: overload of information, difficulty understanding, skills can be difficult to explain, difficult with large groups
Manual Guidance
= learner is physically placed into position
EG. gymnastics, tennis, cricket, dance
ADS: good for all stages of learning, reduces fear, improves self confidence, reduces risk of injury
DISADS: performer becomes reliant on help, lack of intrinsic feedback, performer doesn't learn from mistakes, difficult in large groups
Mechanical Guidance
= learner uses a form of device to pick up skill
EG. armbands in swimming, vault horse in gymnastics
Used for complex, open skills in dangerous situations
Factors to consider:
Avoid overuse (become reliant)
Useful when correcting mistakes
Combine with verbal guidance to focus on key weaknesses
Ensure movement pattern is correct
ADS: good for all stages of learning, reduces fear, improves self confidence, reduces risk of injury
DISADS: performer becomes reliant, lack of intrinsic feedback, performer doesn't learn from mistakes, difficult in large groups