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Deviant Subcultures & Patters and Trends in Youth Deviance (deviant…
Deviant Subcultures & Patters and Trends in Youth Deviance
deviant subcultures
delinquent subcultures
a subculture involved in deviant behaviour
vandalism, antisocial behaviour
criminal subcultures
actively involved in criminal behaviour
drug dealing, dealing in stolen goods
gangs
group of people who regularly associate with eachother
commonly used by media and police to refer to a group who cause harm to community and are involved in persistent criminality
violence as a key element in identity and solidarity
has a territory, a leader, a hierarchy, a set of rules, membership
spectacular youth subcultures
highly visible subcultures 1950s-1970s
flamboyant and instantly recognisable styles, confrontational attitudes
studied by Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
CCCS = neo marxist influence = analysis tends to focus on social class issues
anti-school subcultures
groups of pupils who reject the norms and values of school and reverse them
value trouble-making, disrupting class, being cheeky to teachers
academic failure may become a positive thing
possible to be anti-school but still pro-education and recognise value of qualifications
emerging
online communities - debatable whether they are a subculture but it is still a space where groups of youths interact and share experiences, finding a common set or norms and values which may differ from mainstream
anonymity = means share deviance and express resistance and rebellion in a way they may not do to peers in real life
UNILAD and LAD Bible
patterns and trends in youth deviance
SOCIAL CLASS
police recorded rates = youths from working class backgrounds and much more likely to become involved in deviance and criminality than wealthiness
youth charity, Barnado's = children in the youth justice system are predominately drawn form the poorest most disadvantaged families
Jacobson (2010) = 200 youths in custody = three-quarters had absent fathers, around half have lived in a deprived household, just under half have run away at some point in their lives
Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development = a longitudinal self report study on 400 young males = socio-economic deprivation was a key predictor of future criminality (Farrington)
however, it is a matter of debate whether working class youths actually commit more crime and deviance
it may be that the deviance and criminal working class youths become involved in is more likely to be visible and targeted by the police and criminal justice institutions
whereas the same in middle mass youths may be hidden, tolerated as 'high spirits' or negotiated away
GENDER
police records, victim surveys, self report studies = criminality and deviance are overwhelmingly male activities
females tend to commit the most serious crimes at a much lower rate than males
Home Office Data = young men aged 10-17 years were found to be responsible for 20% of all police recorded crimes in 2009/10 - young women = 4%
self report studies = suggests that the difference is not as great as for adults
Official crime data = peak age for female offending is 15 and peak age for males is 18
girls offending rates drop after teens as they 'grow out of it' - not the same for males
Muncie (1999) = argues that small rises in recorded crime created a moral panic about female offending and 'girl gangs', suggesting that the rise in imprisonment of oyung women has been an over-reaction
ETHNICITY
an overwhelming majority of crime and deviance is committed by youths from white British backgrounds - since these make up the majority
Home Office Stats = young people from black ethnic background accounted or 21% of young people in custody in 2012/13 - though this ethnicity accounts or less than 3% of population
young black males are more likely to be stopped and searched 7 times more than their white counterparts
black people were arrested 3.3 times more than white people in 2009/10
Home Office Stats = 2009/10 asians made up 5.6% o population, but accounted for 9.6% o stop and searches and 7.1% of the prison population
arrest rates for asians rose by 13% between 2005/6 and 2009/10 = largest rise o any ethnic group
there is a discrepancy in the way black and white young offenders are dealt with within the criminal justice system
Lea and Young (1993) = argue that stats often miwss out the important point that most uk crime is 'intra-racial' = takes place within ethnic minorities
thus most crime committed by young black males is against other young black males