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Baldwin I 1100-1118 (Diplomacy (Bad (Muslims (Caeserea 1101 (after 15 day…

- - - - No help after Antioch
        
        could have helped with manpower problem
    - - Muslim disunity
        
        death of Malik Shah = most emirs were usurpers + feared losing cities if allied w/ Baghdad
        
        Sunni-Shiah split = Outremer buffer zone between the 2 empires
    - - Muslims attacked
        
        1102: 2nd Battle of Ramla = heavy casualties
      - Caeserea 1101
        
        after 15 day resistance crusaders got in + massacred
        
        emir wouldn't surrender b/c hoping for Fatimid help
  - - - Raymond of Toulouse returned West
        
        with help from Genoese fleets
        
        1109: took Tripoli
      - After 2nd battle of Ramla in 1102
        
        1101 3rd wave of crusaders + Pilgrims = enough manpower
    - - given trading privileges for this
      - helped take ports e.g. Acre 1104 = key for economy
    - - Tughtegin
        
        1109 treaty: agreed 2 share Terre de Seuth profits w/ Damascus
      - Arsuf 1101
        
        1104: Acre asked 4 same + granted it
        
        surrendered in 3 days
        
        granted safe passage 2 Ascalon
- - - - Muslim disunity
        
        when they did unite they defeated crusaders
        
        1113 battle of al-Sannabra
        
        1104 Battle of Harran, Edessa and Antioch vs Mardin and Mosul lost
      - Help from outsiders
    - - Tancred
        
        1105 Battle of Artah
        
        although outnumbered, lured Ridwan of Aleppo's troops onto rocky plain where they could not retreat
        
        able to retake Artah
      - Raymond took Tripoli in 1109 with Italian sea powers
    - - 2nd Battle of Ramla 1102
        
        Outnumbered + rash charge by Baldwin I
        
        4/5 franks killed in Ramla Tower
        
        Then had to sail to Jaffa to prevent its fall
      - 1113 Battle of al-Sannabra
        
        Maudud adn Tughtegin attacked NE Galilee
        
        baldwin I didn't wait for backup and charged + lost 1-2000 troops
        
        Only neutralised by Maudud being assassinated in Damascus
  - - - Krak de Montreal in 1115
      - Aqaba in 1116
      - security from Muslims @ border
    - - 1101 1st battle of Ramla
        
        were heavily outnumbered but succeeded because of Baldwin's well timed charge against the Fatimids
        
        5000 fatimids killed compared to 80 franks so Fatimids fled
      - Baldwin I saw off 3 Fatimid invasions of Palestine
        
        1113 saw of an Abassid invasion of the Kingdom of J
    - - Ports
        
        1101: Arsuf + 1104: Acre
        
        1104: Caeserea massacre meant = Acre surrender
- - - - constant defence and conquests
      - this burnt through a lot of money
    - - in ports sea powers had helped get they had their own quarter and were exempt from taxes
        
        meant revenue problems for his successors
  - - - good for taxing trade and piligrimage
      - meant that they could trade with other places as well = good economy
    - - 9 ports allowed king and other nobles to tax trade
      - Acre was richest port and money from this went to the king
    - - Krak de Montreal and Aqaba both on route to hajj south of Jerusalem
      - ports could tax Christian pilgrims at their gates
    - - Artah was very good agricultural land
- - - - major problem 4 most of time period
        
        failed to create dynasty (?)
      - could cause rivalry like Tripoli
    - - Tancred VS Baldwin = civil war w/ 2000 deaths
      - rivalries = allied with Muslim enemy e.g. Chavli
    - - Antioch not under Baldwin's control
      - while 2 get other principalities under his control = disunited force
  - - - Tancred VS Edessa
        
        Tancred regent for 4 years + refused to give back 2 Baldwin II when freed
        
        Civil war - Baldwin allied w/ Chavli and 2000 dead
        
        1109: Baldwin I says Tancred had to give it back in return for Haifa and Tiberius but Tancred too busy in Antioch to claim land
      - Tripoli
        
        Ray's nephew William VS Ray's son Bertram
        
        Ray of Tripoli died = rivalry
        
        in 1109 general council where Bertram became Baldwin's vassal and got Tripoli = Baldwin overlord
        
        William got Arqa and Tortosa
    - - didn't know who was going to be leader could
      - Cousin Baldwin of Bourcq made King of Jerusalem after death
    - - 1100: Daimbert
        
        got 2 Jerusalem B4 Daimbert +raided surrounding area 2 show his force
        
        Pisans left = no longer threat
      - Galilee
        
        Tancred had it + wasn't Baldwin's regent
        
        Tancred went north when Bohemond was captured - Baldwin split the principality + gave loyal nobles Haifa and Tiberius = now overlord