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Physics - Waves SP4a - SP5b (not including c or d) (Ears and hearing…

- - - - The number of waves that pass a fixed place each second.
    - - Distance from peak to peak of the wave
    - - The maximum displacement from the resting position of the wave
    - - How long each cycle / wavelength takes to pass a certain point
    - - The speed of the wave - distance / time
  - - - Direction of vibration is the same as direction of energy transfer
      - Sound waves
    - - Direction of vibration is perpendicular to direction of energy transfer
      - Light / Electromagnetic waves
- - - - Allows sound waves to enter ear
    - - Thin membrane which vibrates
    - - Amplify vibrations
    - - Tiny hairs detect the vibrations and create electrical signals (impulses)
      - The cohclea has different parts that detect different frequencies
        
        If it were unwound, the middle of the tube is thicker, and the apex is thinner
    - - Transmits impulses to the brain
- - - - Locate underwater objects and their distance
    - - Produces an image of internal body structures
    - - Uses echoes to create an image of the foetus, to check the progress of a pregnancy
- - - - Longitudinal
        
        P --> Push
      - Wave curves as it goes deeper
        
        It is refracted as it enters the outer core (and reflected by inner core if it isn't refracted away)
        
        This creates the p-wave shadow zones which are nearly opposite to each other (belt)
    - - Transverse
        
        S --> Shake
      - Wave curves as it goes deeper
        
        It therefore creates an s wave shadow zone larger than half of the Earth
        
        The s wave cannot travel through the outer core
    - - They curve due to the density of the Earth increasing as you go deeper
- - - - Rough surfaces that reflect light in all directions
        
        Unclear image
    - - Very smooth surfaces,such as mirrors,reflect the light evenly.
        
        Clear image
  - - - When white light hits a coloured substance, some the colours that make it up are absorbed and some reflected.
        
        e.g a yellow object looks yellow because it reflects yellow light and absorbs all other colours.
  - - - They transmit other colours of light
        
        E.g a blue filter transmits (allows through) blue light and absorbs all other colours.