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Booklet 3 (Crisis of Outremer (Crusader defeat at Hattin: Loss of men,…

- - - - the failures of the Second Crusade and links to post crusade,
      - the disputes between the papacy and German Emperors,
      - the weaknesses/concerns of Henry II and Louis VII
      - the later conflicts between the Angevins and Capetians.
- - - - In December Saladin left Damascus for Aleppo, taking Homs and Hama on the way
- - - - June 1149: Battle of Inab. Nureddin defeated and killed Raymond of Poitiers (Prince of Antioch) and his allies the Assassins. He captured Apamea and encroached on Antioch’s borders, pushing them closer toward the city.
      - August 1149: Unur died and was replaced by Abaq who wanted to be independent of Nureddin and sought an alliance with the Franks of Jerusalem
      - November 1149: Saphadin died putting an end to the Mosul-Aleppo-Damascus alliance
      - Nureddin left Damascus and took Turbessel
    - - Qutbeddin was now in charge of Mosul and acknowledged Nureddin as his overlord. Nureddin was now in control of Northern Syria
      - Abaq also agreed to recognise Nureddin as his overlord. However, Abaq was not popular with within Damascus as a result of his alliance with Jerusalem.
      - Nureddin blockaded Damascus. Supplies became scarce and prices rose. Eventually Abaq fled to the citadel and Nureddin entered the city bringing gifts of food.
      - Nureddin gave Abaq governorship of Homs.
      - In 1157 a series of earthquakes affected the region. Nureddin became gravely ill around this time and prepared for succession. He recovered and negotiated a treaty with the Byzantine emperor Manuel to help him against the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia. This successfully put an end to Frankish-Byzantine raids in Cilecia and Northern Syria.
    - - 1162 - Nureddin returns from pilgrimage and focused on Egypt; Shawar becomes vizier of Egypt in December
      - 1163 - Death of Baldwin III in February, he is succeeded by Amalric; Dirgham ousts Shawar as vizier of Egypt and stops paying the Fatimid tribute to the Franks; Shawar asks Nureddin to restore him to power; Amalric attacks Bilbays but is defeated; Nureddin sends Shirkuh to help Shawar who quickly takes Egypt
      - 1164 - Shawar asks for Frankish help to remove Shirkuh as he could not afford to pay Nureddin; Amalric and Nureddin’s armies meet at Bilbays with no conclusive victory
      - 1167 - Further meeting of the armies of Amalric and Nureddin, looking to take control of Egypt for themselves; Shirkuh surprises the combined forces of Shawar and Amalric; Shawar and Amalric sign an official treaty but Shirkuh launches a surprise attack on Alexandria and then Cairo; no conclusive victory but Amalric could leave troops in Cairo and extracted an annual tribute from Shawar whose popularity plummeted; Shawar asks for Nureddin’s help; Amalric marries Maria Comnenus, great grand-niece of Manuel
      - 1168 - Amalric slaughters the inhabitants of Bilbays which led to the people of Cairo defending their city against him; Shirkuh led an army into Egypt and Amalric, realising he would be trapped, withdrew; In Syria, all castles except Tiberius were in the hands of the holy orders
      - 1169 - Shirkuh enters Cairo and is proclaimed vizier; Shawar arrested and executed; March - Death of Shirkuh, leaving Saladin to seize control; Nureddin confiscates his land so he adds him to Friday prayers and removes Nubian guards that plotted against him; October - a combined Frankish and Byzantine assault launched on Damietta but failed due to lack of supplies
- - - - Baldwin IV was able to inflict a defeat on Saladin at Montgisard but divisions meant that he could not capitalise on these victories.
      - 1183: Baldwin hands regency to Guy but changed his mind within months and tried to have the marriage to Sybilla dissolved in 1184. Baldwin V became co-king as a compromise.
      - Raymond was made regent again but Baldwin V died a year later
    - - Failed to act aggressively enough to Saladin at Saffuriya in 1183. He waited at a camp a mile away from Saladin and did not respond to attacks
      - No experience as a military leader
      - Baldwin did not trust Guy to inspire the Barons to victory at Kerak
      - Refused to give up Tyre to Baldwin IV