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45-year-old Male presents with lethargy for the last few months. (Anemia),…
45-year-old Male presents with lethargy for the last few months.
Anemia
Excessive destruction
Hemolytic anemia
Intrinsic
Hereditary
Membrane abnormalities
Hereditary
spherocytosis
Gallstones
Aplastic crisis
Parvovirus B19
Hereditary elliptocytosis
Disorders of Hb
Quantitative
Thalassaemia
Hypochromic, microcytic
2 more items...
Qualitative
Haemoglobinopathies
Sickle cell disease
Metabolic
G6PD deficiency
dark urine, malaise, pallor, tachycardia, dyspnea, jaundice
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Acquired
Paroxysmal nocturnal
haemoglobinuria
red discoloration of urine (esp in morning), SOB
Extrinsic
Autoimmune
Cold
Lymphoproliferative disease
Acute
Infections
Mononucleosis
Mycoplasma
Warm
Primary/Idiopathic
Secondary
Lymphoproliferative disease
CLL, Lymphoma
Autoimmune disease
SLE
Drugs
Hypersplenism
LUQ pain, splenomegaly
Macroangiopathic
Prosthetic heart valve or AS
Infection
Malaria
Travel hx, Fever
Microangiopathic
disseminated intravascular coagulation
mucosal bleeding, retiform purpura, petechiae
Jaundice, Splenomegaly, Frontal bossing
Decreased production
Microcytic anemia
Defective Hb synthesis
Decreased Heme synthesis
Fe deficiency
Chronic bleeding
GI
Malabsorption
Gastrectomy
Coeliac disease
Parasite
Hookworm
Abnormal Fe incorporation into haem
Sideroblastic anemia
Lead poisoning
wrist/foot drop
Decreased Globin chain synthesis
Thalassemia
Macrocytic anemia
Megaloblastic BM
Vitamin B12 deficiency
Malabsorption
ileal resection
gastrectomy
GI Infections
Alchoholism
dietary deficits
Autoimmune
Pernicious anemia
Folate deficiency
Dietary deficiency
Alcoholism
Malabsorption
Coeliac disease
Inflammatory bowel disease
Gastrectomy
Malignancy
Leukemia
primitive WBCs with prominent nuclei
Chronic inflammation
Anti-folate drugs
macrocytic, oval, PMN: hypersegmented
Non-Megaloblastic BM
Liver cirrhosis
Reticulocytosis
Hypothyroidism
Marrow infiltration
Malignancy
Myelodysplastic syndrome
Rare! ~65 years, M. dysplastic changes in RBCs/WBCs
Fatigue, opportunistic infection or recurrent standard bacterial infections, pallor, petechiae / purpura.
Myeloproliferative disease
CML
pallor, hepatosplenomegaly
round macrocytes
Normocytic anemia
Anemia of chronic disease
Chronic inflammation
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Connective tissue disorders
Malignancy
Endocrine disorders
Hypothyroidism
dry and/or cool skin, weight gain, an enlarged thyroid gland, hair thinning / hair loss, lower extremity edema. bradycardia, delayed relaxation phase of the deep tendon reflex, goiter
Hypopituitarism
Addison's disease
Liver disease
Chronic kidney disease
Oliguria, nocturia, polyruria, itch/bruise, edema, metallic taste, vomit/ fatigue, insomnia
Malnutrition
BM failure
Aplastic anemia
Gingival bleeding, pallor, petechiae
Ineffective haematopoiesis
Infiltration
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma
Granuloma
Myelofibrosis
Alcoholism
Asymptomatic until oxidative stress
early onset
glossitis, skin pigmentation, distal paresthesias
autoagglutination
Bite cells
spherocytes
Hypochromic, microcytic