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Post-Civil War (Nature of the Party and State in the USSR (Party was the…

- - - - a political opponent of Lenin
        
        therefore, Bolsheviks walked out in protest
    - - Red Guards blocked the enterance
      - members told that the Congress of Soviets had closed down the constituent assembly and that the Soviets had seized power
      - became clear, Communists were to be a single party state
        
        at the end of the Civil War, Lenin banned all other parties
        
        despite that SRs and Mensheviks had fought with the Red Army
        
        Lenin expelled 150,000 members of the Communist Party who were ex-Mensheviks and SRs
- - - - the Red Army captured areas during the Civil War and imposed Communist governments on them, turning them into Soviet Socialist Republics
        
        each Republic had its own government
        
        in theory it could make it's own decision about health, education etc. without reference to Moscow
        
        in economic policy, each Republic acted under the instructions of local Commissars who followed orders from Moscow
        
        foreign and defence policy were directed entirely from Moscow by All Union-Commissars
- - - - in theory, power flower from the base and resided with the population
      - in practice, power flowed from the top downwards
    - - leadership was elected
    - - other members were obliged to agree
  - - - became slaves to sovnarkom
    - - more subject to party control
  - - - important powers were filled by appointment from above - not election from below
    - - e.g. at the 9th Party Congress in 1920, the Workers Opposition (faction within the party) criticised the Central Committee and War Communism
    - - this banned factions within the party and party members were purged
  - - - facilitated Stalin's rise to power - he held key bureaucratic roles in the party
    - - 1933: 3,500,000 members