Theories of Representation

Trustee Model

Delegate Model

Mandate Model

Resemblance Model

entrust those more capable

execute specific instructions

not to question the merit of these instructions

Policy pledged from party

Share characteristics with group

based on ideological and political assumptions

John Stuart Mill (1806-73)

act on behalf of others

superior knowledge

better education

Strong Elitist values

I know what is best for you

Disadvantages

anti-democratic

Edmond Burke(1774)

Educated does not mean moral

look after own interests

opposite of the trustee model

Thomas Paine (1776)

a radical democratic

Give public more control over politicians

Checks and balance

no higher authority than the will of the people

Disadvantages

hinders development of leadership

pander to their constituents

lack of vision and inspiration

instruction from a higher body

demands compliance

politicians as foot soldiers for a party

party unity and discipline

Disadvantages

select a party based on policies and issues

the party identification model suggests the loyalty

party partisan from early socialisation

shared experiences of that group

fully identify with its interests

Disadvantages

narrow minded view

only women can represent women

result is conflict

forced quotas of minority candidates