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term 2 year 8 geography (Natural Disasters (Avalanches and landslides (A…

- - - - shaped by the environment and largely unchanged by humans) or built
      - The environmental and social qualities of a place all influence the way we live.
  - - - Location – where things are located on the Earth’s surface
      - Spatial distribution – the shapes and patterns in which things are arranged on the Earth’s surface
      - Organisation – how and why things are arranged and managed on the Earth’s surface by people.
  - - - such as deserts, grasslands, mountains, coral reefs, forests, oceans and ice caps
      - very few truly natural environments left on Earth.
    - - include large cities, towns, suburbs and vast areas of farmland. Human environments
  - - - • natural processes, such as the water cycle and the food chain
      - • human activities, such as the movement of people, the production and trade of goods and
        the flow of investment and money within and between different countries.
  - - - • Local – Recycling of paper by individuals, schools and households reduces the amount of trees that need to be cut down.
      - • National – In Australia the government has begun to encourage sustainable use of energy through the establishment of wind farms and hydroelectric power plants and the use of solar panels.
      - • International – Efforts to protect endangered whale species around the world have attracted media attention and focused public opinion on maintaining breeding grounds free of large whaling vessels
  - - - • local – such as an inquiry into the daily visitors to a neighbourhood skate park, and whether its facilities meet the needs of visitors
      - • regional – such as an inquiry into the types of visitors staying at campsites and tourist parks in Western Australia
      - • national – such as an inquiry into the yearly tourist numbers visiting national parks in Australia
      - • international – such as an inquiry into animal poaching in national parks and wild game reserves in different countries across Africa
      - • global – such as an inquiry into the use of all marine parks around the world and how well they protect endangered species.
- - - - Physical maps
        
        Physical maps show the locations and names of natural features of the Earth.
        
        These may include deserts, mountains, rivers, plains, oceans, reefs, volcanoes and lakes.
      - Political maps
        
        Political maps show the locations and names of built features of the Earth.
        
        These may include country borders, state and territory borders, cities and towns.
      - Dot distribution maps
        
        Dot distribution (can be shapes) maps to represent a range of features
        
        The size and colour of the dots on the map can show different characteristics of that feature.
      - Flow maps
        
        Flow maps show movement from one place to another.
        
        Arrows of different thicknesses or colours are used to show where different things are moving to and from
      - Overlay maps
        
        Overlay maps show how features on the Earth’s surface may be related to each other
      - Choropleth maps
        
        Choropleth maps use different shades of the same colour to give a quick impression of the pattern formed by the data being shown.
  - - - Topographic maps
        
        Topographic maps show the shape of the land (such as the shapes formed by valleys, hills and ridges) by using contour lines.
        
        Numbers on some of the contour lines show the height of the land above sea level.
      - Weather maps
        
        Weather maps show conditions in the atmosphere, such as air pressure, wind speed and wind direction.
        
        They also show the size and location of warm and cold fronts.
      - Thematic maps
        
        Thematic maps show a particular theme or topic; for example, the distribution of resources (such as coal and gas)
  - - - Lines that run from north to south are known as lines (or meridians) of longitude.
    - - Lines that run from east to west are known as lines (or parallels) of latitude.
- - - - Mountain landscapes are formed by tectonic plates on the Earth’s surface pushing against each other.
    - - The coast is where a land mass meets the sea. Coastal landscapes are shaped by the natural forces of the wind and waves.
    - - A riverine landscape is one formed by the natural movement of a water system such as a river.
    - - A desert is defined as an area of land which receives no more than 250 millimeters of rain per year.
    - - A karst landscape is formed when easily dissolvable such as limestone is worn away by slightly acidic water, from an underground source or a source on the Earth’s surface.
    - - Unlike the types of naturally occurring landscapes described above, human landscapes are created by people.