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The influence of early attachment (Evaluation (Research is correlational,…
The influence of early attachment
Key term
Internal working model - a mental model of the world which enables individuals to predict and control their environment. In the case to attachment the model relates to a person's expectations about relationships.
Key study: Hazan and Shaver
Procedure
Placed a 'Love Quiz' in the Rocky Mountain News. The quiz asked questions about current ansd children attahcment types.
Asked questions towards love, an assessment of the internal working model.
620 responses, 205 from men and 415 from women, from a fair cross-section of the population.
Findings
56% were secure, 25% as avoidant, 19% were resistant
Securely attached adults described their love experiences as happy, friendly and trusting. The relationships usually lasted around 10 years.
Five for resistant
Six for avoidant
Behaviours influenced by the internal working model
Childhood friendships
Individuals who were classified as securely attached, were less isolated and more popular, and more empathetic.
Infants have higher expectations that others are friendly and trusting, and this would enable easier relationships with others.
Poor parenting
Harlow's research
The lack of an internal working model means that individuals lack a reference point to subsequently form relationships with their own children.
Romantic relationships
Hazan and Shaver demonstrated a link between early attachment type and later relationships. Individuals who were securely attached had longer-lasting romantic relationships.
Mental health
Lack of an attachment during the critical period in development would result in a lack of an internal working model
No preferred attachment figure,an inability to interact and relate to others that is evident before the age of five, and experience of severe neglect or freq. change of caregivers.
Evaluation
Research is correlational
Retrospective classification
Overly deterministic
Low correlations
An alternative explanation