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Chapter 16: (Section 3: The End of Reconstruction (African Americans Loose…
Chapter 16:
Section 3: The End of Reconstruction
African Americans Loose Rights
Literacy test - voter has to read/write to vote
Grandfather Clause - Allowed a voter to vote if his grandfather passed on 1867 Jan. 1
Poll tax - pay for a vote
Segregation - Separated blacks and whites
South made laws enforced on Af. Am.
Plessy vs. Ferguson - Ruled "separate but equal," but rarely equal
A Cycle of Poverty
When prices lower, sharecroppers cannot pay off loan
Job opportunities declining for Af. Am.
Many Af. Am. and poor whites were sharecroppers
Reconstruction's Conclusion
The Election of 1876
Samuel J. Tilden for Democrats - Said he would eliminate reconstruction
Hayes wins election but goes against his word
Rutherford B. Hayes for Republicans - Said he would continue reconstruction
Self-Rule for the South
By 1874, all South controlled by Democrats
People wanted full amnest for South
Industrial Growth
New industries for turning raw material into finished products
New factories to use South's resources
More agriculture
New industries appearing in South
Section 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction
The Fourteenth Amendment
Eventually passed after Radicals took over
People born in U.S. is a citizen
Ruled unconstitutional by Supreme Court
Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave Af. Am. Citizenship; vetoed by Johnston; overrun by congress
Radical Reconstruction
Radicals in Charge
B/c Af. Am. could vote, republican party won in all Southern States
Reconstruction act of 1867 removed state's rights if they did not rewrite their constitution and ratify the 14th amendment
Time of Hope and Advancement
Radical reconstruction corrupted quickly, but made good impact
Scalawags opposed Southern secession
African Americans played an active role in the South as judges, carpenters, barbers, preachers, sheriffs, mayors, etc.
Carpetbaggers were Northern white setting up buisness in South
Targeting President Johnston
One vote short of being thrown out
Voted for impeachment
the Election of 1868
Radicals loose grip on Republicans
U. S. Grant won
Fifteenth Amendment
Some voting required owning land or property
Rights of Af. Am. men to vote
The K. K. K.
Killed white republicans & black voters
Less Af. Am. voters b/c of K. K. K.
Southerners resorted to violence
A Growing Conflict
The Thirteenth Amendment
Banned forced labor
Gave Congress power to enforce laws w/ more laws
Johnson's Plan
Black Codes made black life near-slavery
Radicals protect freedmen & prevent Southerners taking over former politics
Congress rejected b/c they didn't want Southern representatives
Easy re-entry