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HASS Term 2 Geography (Seven Key Concepts (Sustainability (Actions to…

- - - - Places and people can be linked in many different ways that can be categorised as:
        
        natural processes, such as the water cycle and the food chain
        
        human activities, such as the movement of people, the production and trade of goods and the flow of investment and money within and between different countries.
  - - - Local – Recycling of paper by individuals, schools and households reduces the amount of trees that need to be cut down
      - International – Efforts to protect endangered whale species around the world have attracted media attention and focused public opinion on maintaining breeding grounds free of large whaling vessels
      - National – In Australia the government has begun to encourage sustainable use of energy through the establishment of wind farms and hydroelectric power plants and the use of solar panels
  - - - It has three main elements
        
        spatial distribution – the shapes and patterns in which things are arranged on the Earth’s surface
        
        organisation – how and why things are arranged and managed on the Earth’s surface by people.
        
        location – where things are located on the Earth’s surface
- - - - “Along the corridor, up the stairs” may help you remember
- - - - Volcanic Eruption
        
        Pompeii but with a forest instead of houses
    - - Karst
        
        Karst landscapes are formed when easily dissolvable bedrock (rock below the surface of land) such as limestone is worn away slightly acidic water, from an underground source or a source on the Earths surface.
        
        These flows of water form unique features, for example; caves, stalactites, springs and sinkholes. Karst landscapes are very unstable parts of land.
      - Desert/Arid
        
        A desert is defined as an area of land which receives no more than 250 millimeters of rain per year.
        
        Deserts cover about one-third of the Earth’s surface and contain some of the most uninhabitable regions on Earth. There are two types of deserts – hot deserts and cold deserts.
        
        Hot deserts are located along the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn (the latitude lines to the north and south of the Equator).
        
        Cold deserts are located closer to the Arctic and Antarctic Circles (the circles of latitude in the far north and far south). Because of the lack of rain they have little plant life.
        
        Instead deserts are characterised by sand dunes, rock and gravel.
      - Human
        
        Unlike the types of naturally occurring landscapes, human landscapes are created by people.
        
        Human landscapes provide evidence of human settlement and occupation of an environment.
        
        Features of human landscapes include; buildings, roads, transport, energy, sewerage and telecommunication systems.
        
        The construction of human landscapes often results in the damage or destruction of natural landscapes but commonly incorporates some natural geographical features in its design, for example harbors and mountains.
      - Riverine
        
        A riverine landscape is one formed by the natural movement of a water system such as a river.
        
        A riverine landscape includes the ecosystems (all living things including plants and animals) in and around the area of a river.
        
        A riverine landscape may also be defined as a network of rivers and the surrounding land.
      - Mountain
        
        Mountain landscapes are formed by Tectonic Plates on the Earth’s surface pushing against each other.
        
        This movement and pressure causes the shape of the land to change.
        
        The land is pushed up and over time, forms mountains.
        
        Mountains rise high above their surroundings. Mountains can stand alone, be grouped in ranges, or form ridges.
      - Coastal
        
        The coast is where a land mass meets the sea.
        
        Coastal landscapes are shaped by the natural forces of the wind and waves.
        
        These geographical forces erode (wear away) or construct (build up) the natural environment, constantly changing its shape.
        
        Features of coastal landscapes include beaches, dunes, bays, cliffs, platforms, spits and lagoons.