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7.1 Nonrenewable Fossil Fuels (Oil (conventional oil (advantages (ample…
7.1 Nonrenewable Fossil Fuels
energy and Energy Usage
90% of commercial energy comes from nonrenweable energy
Oil
oil is the second most widely used energy source. we use oil for transportation
oil formation
combustible hydrocarbons, sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen impurities
Oil has a medium net energy ( and is decreasing) and is more destructive.
conventional oil
advantages
ample supply for several decades, net energy is medium but decreasing, low land disruption, efficient distribution system
disadvantages
water pollution from soil spills and leaks, environmental costs not include in market price, release CO2 and other air pollutants when burned, vulnerable to international supply interruptions
potential supply of heavy oil
shale oil
often involve strip mining
oil sands/tar sands
waste water from fracking
hydrofracking
high pressure pumps that create cracks.
problems
huge energy imputs
large amounts of water
waste water
heavy oil from oil sands
advantages
large potential supplies
easily transported within and between countries.
efficient distribution system in place.
disadvantages
low net energy
expensive
release CO2 and other air pollutants
severe land disruption
water pollution and high water use
natural gas
a mixture of gases. 50%-90% is methane.
advantages
cheaper to extract
less expensive and takes less time to build
burns cleaner than oil and coal
disadvantages
low price could slow the shift to reliance on renewable, clean energy sources
drilling, production, and distribution process for natural gas leaks large quantities of methane into the atmosphere.
huge imputs of energy
risk of ground water pollution
conventional natural gas
advantages
ample supplies
versatile fuels
medium net energy
emits less CO2 and other air pollutants than other fossil fuels when burned
disadvantages
low net energy for LNG
production and delivery may emit more CO2 and CH4 per unit of energy produced than coal.
fracking uses and pollutes large volumes of water
potential groundwater pollution from fracking
coal
a solid fossil fuel formed from the remains of land plants that were buried and exposed to intense heat and pressure for 300-400 million years.
coal is the most abundant fossil fuel
disadvantages
dirtiest of all fossil fuels
largest emitters of CO2
severely degrades land
air pollutants
causes severe illness
synthetic fules
advantages
large potential supplies in many countries
vehicle fuel
lower air pollution than coal
disadvantages
low to medium net energy
requires mining 50% more coal with increased, land disturbance, water pollution and water use
higher CO2 emissions than coal