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physical factors (soils, relief, climate, water (soils (55% of all land is…
physical factors
resource base/minerals
Nigeria
IMF reported that 96% of Nigeria's resources are exported.
contrasts to Seychelles who virtually export 0% of resources and are solely reliant on tourism industry.
North is largely savannah. Therefore increasing conflict for the use of the Delta amongst more than 250 ethnic groups.
:check:• Manufacturing Industry.
• rich in minerals, cocoa, cotton, oil palm, peanuts, rubber, textiles, oil, gas.
Sierra Leone
:check:• Agriculture industry
• largest diamond reserves in SSA.
• huge fishing grounds with the potential to grow.
IMF reported 70% of Sierra leone resources are exported
diamonds may increase in price from $40 to 9$900 just through the cut and polishing process in European countries.
:red_cross:criticised for a poor resource base, but it is poor management and negative attitudes.
worst country for quality of life between 1982 and 2008.
Cash crops are an important resource for the economy
soils, relief, climate, water
physical geography is not as challenging as we might expect
Mt Kilamanjaro, Tanzania
Lake Chad,
Lake Volta provides hydroelectric power through Ghana.
Zambezi river produced hydroelectricity in Zimbabwe
soils
55% of all land is unsuitable for agriculture except nomadic grazing.
10 million hectares of land is so
degraded
it is almost fully destroyed.
leads to hunger, civil wars, collapse of economies, migration and poverty.
Africa's great rift valley has extremely fertile land.
100 million nomadic herders estimated to live in SSA, and more than half of SSA land is used for nomadic herding
relief
climate
warm annually. rainfall varies regionally.
north and south are cooler
20% of Africa is rainforest, decreasing at an alarming rate
Malaria is spread by mosquitos who survive well in humid climate
water availability
Mount Kenya Lewis Glacier provides local water supply, but climate change means it could disappear in 10 years.
350 million people have poor access to water.
droughts/floods
cyclone idai 2019
hit mozambique, malawai and Zimbabwe
100,000 people urgently needed rescuing
1,000 people killed
worst weather-related disasters ever to hit the southern hemisphere,"
Clare Nullis, from the
UN's weather agency
cyclone kenneth
WHO conducted rapid outbreak investigation training because of cholera increase.
EWARS system put in place
19 health centres destroyed
cholera and malaria outbreak
250,000 people affected
Kenya drought 2017
Hashtag UgnaRevolution
is growing in popularity. people have been brought to the streets in protest of high food prices.
two consecutive years of failed rains has left 3.4 million Kenyans in need of food aid, and 480,000 children requiring treatment for acute malnutrition.
Sierra leone mudslides 2017
Extras
Spatial factors - landlocked countries
Chad
Poor water availability affects females as it takes away their education - they are the ones who have to walk miles to collect the water.