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Chemistry - Organic Chemistry (Organic compounds can belong to a certain…
Chemistry - Organic Chemistry
Formulas
Molecular Formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
C2 H4
Displayed Formula
Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them.
Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound (cancel the numbers down if possible).
CH2
Structural Formula
Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups.
CH2 CH2
General Formula
Is an Algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds.
Formulas for Ethene (For all Alkenes)
Organic compounds can belong to a certain Homologous series
You can use a general formula to work out the molecular formula of any member of a homologous series.
Alkanes are a homologous series that only contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
.
A homologous series is a group of compounds that can all be represented by the same general formula.
A functional group is a group of atoms that determine how a compound typically reacts.
The general formula for alkanes is Cn H2n+2.
Molecules in a homologous series contain the same functional group.
These are the functional groups you need to know: Alkenes, Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters
Alkenes Functional group -
Alcohols Function group -
Carboxylic Acids Functional group -
Esters Functional group -
This means that compounds in a homologous series often react in similar ways - they share similar chemical properties.
No. of Carbons
Stem
Prop-
But-
Eth-
Pent-
Meth-
Hex-
Homologous Series
Alkenes
ene
But-2-ene - CH3 CH CH CH3
Alcohols
ol
ethanol - CH3 CH2 OH
Alkanes
ane
Propane - CH3 CH2 CH3
Carboxylic acids
oic acid
ethanoic acid - CH3 COOH
Esters
Prefix: alkyl, Suffix: anoate
Ethyl ethanoate - CH3 C(=O)OCH2 CH3
Homologous Series
Prefix or Suffix
Hydrocarbon
A hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only.
