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Russia (1905 (Bloody Sunday (General Rehearsal (Several groups will…
Russia
1905
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Czarism/Tsardom
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Industrialization
Late industrialization
Foreigner investment
Alexander II did reforms, modernized the country and ended serfdom
Growth of bourgeoisie, the peasants couldn't compete
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Civil War (1917 - 1921)
The Red Army
Trotsky was the leader, they fought for communism (It was the Bolshevik Army)
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The White Army
The army that gathered everyone who opposed to the Bolsheviks
CADETE, bourgeoisie, monarchists
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Após a vitória Bolchevique, os países capitalistas europeus criam o conceito de "Cordão Sanitário"
The "War Communism"
Lenin signed a peace treaty with Germany. It was the Brest-Letovski treaty. However, only the bolsheviks respected the treaty.
Workers would not receive their salaries, and could only produce arms.
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The N.E.P.
In the time of the civil war, there was lack of income, currency, industrial goods and morale
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Foreign industries were allowed to explore natural resources of the country during a specific amount of time
Lenin wanted taxes and economical development, but for the population to pay taxes they needed money, so he encouraged foreign industries to go to Russia so people would get jobs and pay taxes
It was allowed the small private property in the countryside and the farmers could sell their production towards profit; the technology importation was allowed as well
However, the State already controls public transport, exportations, and banks so it couldn't be considered capitalism
The NEP wasn't the same thing that the mensheviks defended, for them, the downfall of capitalism would happen naturally through the class struggle
Lenin's Death
Trotsky
He was a former menshevik, so was called a traitor
He was an intellectual, so people couldn't identify
For him, the revolution should spread immediately
Stálin
He was considered "a man of action", not an intellectual
He was a "favor giver", manipulator within the party
For him, "the one country socialism" would be the best option
Stalinism
In the countryside, the colletivisation ended the private property, the Kolkhoses were farms administrated by the State
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Holodomor: Great starvation in Ucraine, that was caused by the colletivisation of the fields. They starved because refused to give up their lands, and would be treated as traitors.
The Revolutions
February
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The Fall of Tsardom
The Tsar went to see the troops in the borders. In February of 1917, a women's manifestation led to a big social protest (workers, military, students). The city of Petrograd was completely paralised.
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October
The Bolshevik coup
In face of Kornilov's menace, Kerensky armed the Petrograd Soviet to defend the city. Trotsky saw the opportunity to create the red army. But the bolsheviks were ready to attack, Kornilov's attempt failed.
General Kornilov said he would attack petrograd and impose order because the DUMA couldn't do it (there were lots of strikes and protests)
In several Russian cities, the bolsheviks were accused of treason, which gave birth to the Civil War.
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