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Carlos Duarte period 5 lymphatic/immune system (Innate/natural immune…
Carlos Duarte period 5
lymphatic/immune system
Antigens and Antibodies
Five major types of antibodies are IgG ,IgA, IgM, IgO and IgE. They are carried by body fluids capable of binding specifically to antigens.
The definition of antigen is a harmful substance which enters the body which causes the body to make antibodies as a response to fight off disease. An example of an antigen is a common cold virus which causes the body to make antibodies which help prevent the person from getting sick.
major functions of the Lymphatic & immune systems
Return clean fluids and leaked proteins back to the blood
Drain excess fluid from tissue
Keeps pathogens out and attacks those that do enter the body
Play an essential rule in body defenses and resistance to diseases
Functions as the bodies defense against pathogens
Anatomy of the Lymphatic system( including vessels, nodes, spleen and thymus)
a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty.
It is the place where new blood cells are produced. Bone marrow contains two types of stem cells: hemopoietic (which can produce blood cells) and stromal (which can produce fat, cartilage and bone).
The spleen is an organ in the upper far left part of the abdomen, to the left of the stomach.The spleen is an organ in the upper far left part of the abdomen, to the left of the stomach.
a pair of soft tissue masses located at the rear of the throat (pharynx). Each tonsil is composed of tissue similar to lymph nodes, covered by pink mucosa. The tonsils are part of the lymphatic system, which helps to fight infections.
A small bean-shaped structure that is part of the body’s immune system. Lymph nodes filter substances that travel through the lymphatic fluid, and they contain lymphocytes (white blood cells) that help the body fight infection and disease. There are hundreds of lymph nodes found throughout the body.
Innate/natural immune defenses and Adaptive/acquired immune defenses
a localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to injury or infection.
The process by which a cell engulfs particles such as bacteria, other microorganisms, aged red blood cells, foreign matter, etc. The principal phagocytes include the neutrophils and monocytes
a lymphocyte able to bind to certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without the stimulation of antigens, and kill them by the insertion of granules containing perforin.
Adaptive immune defenses. ... Most viral infections are controlled by the innate immune system. However, if viral replication outpaces innate defenses, the adaptive response must be mobilized. The adaptive defense consists of antibodies and lymphocytes, often called the humoral response and the cell mediated response
Mechanical Barriers. Mechanical barriers physically block pathogens from entering the body. ... Mucous membranes provide a mechanical barrier at body openings. They also line the respiratory, GI, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Mucous membranes secrete mucus, a slimy substance that traps pathogens.
Mechanical Barriers. Mechanical barriers physically block pathogens from entering the body. ... Mucous membranes provide a mechanical barrier at body openings. They also line the respiratory, GI, urinary, and reproductive tracts. Mucous membranes secrete mucus, a slimy substance that traps pathogens.
Certain animals are naturally resistant or non susceptible to certain pathogens. Certain pathogens infect only humans, not lower animals, e.g. syphilis, gonorrhea, measles, poliomyelitis. On the other hand, certain pathogens
Disorders of the immune system
A disease in which there is a severe loss of the body's cellular immunity, greatly lowering the resistance to infection and malignancy.
Stands for human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS, if not treated. ... HIV attacks the body's immune system,
A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.
Humoral vs cellular response
Humoral immunity is also called antibody-mediated immunity. With assistance from helper T cells, B cells will differentiate into plasma B cells that can produce antibodies against a specific antigen. The humoral immune system deals with antigens from pathogens that are freely circulating, or outside the infected cells.
Edema
AIDS
HIV
Immune system
Lymphatic system
Lymph nodes
Spleen
thymus
bone marrow
Tonsils
Antibodies
Antigens
Species resistance
Mechanical barriers
Chemical barriers
Natural killer cells
inflammation
Phagocytosis
Adaptive defenses