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Research methods (Types of observation (Non participant - researcher does…

- - - - Quick and cheap to carry out
      - Sharing experiences more likely to offer verstehen than simply watching from the outside.
      - Researcher is detached - objective view. Less likely to take sides and be biased.
    - - lack validity- less able to ask why people are acting in the way
      - Objectivity difficult to achieve because observers have to make value judgments whether behaviour/activities fit particular categories
      - Observer likely to observe artificial behaviour
- - - - Interviewer is present to explain the question to avoid misinterpretation
      - High response rate as new respondents can be accessed if sample size drops
      - All respondents faced same questions in the same order
    - - Time consuming & costly to higher interviewers
      - Interviewer can potentially effect the answers of the respondent due to the effect of their body language/ tone
      - Respondents may change their answers - ‘social desirability bias’s - don’t want to sound bad in front of someone else
  - - - Respondent placed at centre of research - Rapport and sensitivity - informality allows interviewer to gain rapport so more likely to open up about sensitive issues - anonymity
      - Generates trust and rapport - more likely to open up. Bias more likely to be avoided + more valid data to be collected
      - Flexibility - no fixed set of questions. They can find new ideas
    - - Researcher has to be selective in what they actually publish in support of their hypothesis
      - Qualitative data difficult to analyse. Positivists do not like it, impossible to quantify + turn into graphs & tables
      - Fewer participants than surveys. Ps argue U.I.Vs are less representative of research population. Difficult to generalize
      - Expensive - interviewers need to be trained so they establish good rapport with the interviewees
      - Reliability - questions are standardised, may ask different questions, impossible to replicate
      - longer to conduct