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Ecology of Socialization (Chapter 2 (Erikson's Stages of Psychological…

- - - - Experience-expectant
    - - Experience-dependent
  - - - "I" or "Me"
      - Looking-glass self
    - - Generalized other
  - - - Achievement
        
        Choices explored, commitment made
      - Foreclosure
        
        Commitment made without exploring choices
      - Moratorium
        
        Exploring choices to make commitment
      - Searching moratorium
        
        reevaluating choices and commitment
      - Diffusion
        
        Little exploration, no commitment
  - - - Reference group
      - Behavior patterns
        
        Orientation: Collectivistic vs individualistic
        
        Coping style: Active vs passive
        
        Attitude toward authority: Submissive vs egalitarian
        
        Communication style: Open/expressive vs restrained/private
    - - Egocentrism
    - - Social capital
      - Different perspectives on life
      - Informal or formal social support system
      - Advocacy
  - - - Secure
        
        Enthusiastic
        
        Sympathetic
        
        Cooperative
        
        Independent
        
        Competent
      - Insecure
        
        Disruptive
        
        Hostile
        
        Aggressive
  - - - Positive
        
        Reward
      - Negative
        
        Terminate unpleasantness after desired behavior
      - Shaping
        
        Systemic reinforcement until behavior maintained (potty training)
    - - Gradual disappearance of behavior, remove reinforcement
      - Timeout
    - - Physical (spanking)
      - Psychological (criticism)
      - Withdraw pleasant stimuli
      - Timing
      - Reasoning
      - Consistency
      - Attachment
      - Logical consequence
    - - Evaluative info about behavior (positive and negative)
    - - Self-efficacy
        
        Belief one can master situation
      - Discovery (riding a bike)
  - - - Attention
      - Cognitive Development
      - Retention
      - Observed activity
      - Motivation
      - Ability
      - Alternative behaviors
  - - - Level of understanding
    - - Expectations
    - - Giving explanations
      - Altruism
        
        Doing good for others without expecting something in return
      - Sociocentrism
        
        Understand/relate to other views
      - Transductive
        
        One fact/case to another fact/case
      - Inductive
        
        fact/case to general conclusion
      - Deductive
        
        General to specific case
      - Baumrind's parenting styles
        
        Authoritative
        
        Permissive
        
        Authoritarian
  - - - Attraction to the group
      - Acceptance by the group
      - Type of group
    - - Rites of passage
    - - Language
  - - - Internal or external attributions
      - Mastery motivation (inborn)
        
        Explore, understand and control environment
      - Achievement motivation
        
        Achieve mastery of challenging tasks
    - - Affective
      - Cognitive
      - Behavioral
    - - Psychological attributes
- - - - Having meaning
      - Predictability
      - Connection
      - Identity
      - Enact values
      - Connection rituals
      - Love rituals
      - Community rituals