Chapter 9 - Flowers and Reproduction

Sexual Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

Flower Structure and Cross Polination

Inflourescence and pollination

Flower Structure

Gametophytes

The plant life cycle

Fertilization

unlike animals, second gametes do not die off, they find a second egg

Embryo and seed development

Fruit Development

monoecious and dioecious species

animal - pollinated flowers

stigma and pollen incompability

wind - pollinated flowers

stamen and style maturation times

ovary position

Cross - pollination

Fruit types and seed dispersal

True fruits and accessory fruits

classification of fruit types

fragmentation is the main mode of asexual reproduction with budding being the second

composed of sepals, petals, stamens, carpels, and ovules

microgametophyte

contains up to three cells, present in the pollen tube

megagametophyte

contains 8 nuclei, and a seven cells

fusion of the sperm to the egg

seed develops apical meristem, hypocotyl, radicle, and suspensor inside the embryo, seed is hardened after formation and then dehydrated

contains exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp

receiving pollen from another plant

pollen is released at different times than from when the eggs are ready

insurance from the plant that it does not cross pollinate, inhibited by chemicals

differentiated by weather flowers contain both sets of reproductive organs or not

flowers shape, scent, and color themselves to be highly findable by animals, often offering nutrition

use wind to spread pollen, emit pollen in mass quantities

flowers are designed to hide away nutritious ovules from pollinating animals, usually done by elongating the tube

brighter colors allow for selective pollinators and a much higher chance of pollination with less risk associated with producing larger flowers

contains fleshy or dry dependent upon moisture content, and dehiscent and indehescint fruits dependent upon the way of opening

made to be eaten by animals - group contains simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits

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