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Degenerative conditions (Multiple sclerosis (Risk factors. (Age., Smoking.…
Degenerative conditions
Arthritis
Definition
Inflammation of the joints.
Clinical manifestations.
Pain.
Stiffness.
Swelling.
Redness.
Decreased range of motion.
Causes.
Infection on joints.
Injury to joints.
Pathophysiology.
Nursing interventions.
Health Education.
Advice to loss weight if obese.
Exercise frequently.
Using heat pads and cold ice packs to relieve pain.
Pre-Operative care
Monitor Vital signs.
Explain the procedures to be done.
Perform physical examination.
Starve the patient for 8 hours before surgery.
Perform tests such as Chest X-ray and Blood tests.
Post-Operative Care
Monitor vital observations.
Give analgesias
Restrict mobilization.
Monitor sight of surgery for haemorrhage.
Diagnostic studies.
Physical examination.
X-rays.
Ultrasound.
CT Scan.
MRI.
Treatment and Management
Surgical Management.
Joint replacement.
Joint fusion.
Medical Management.
Analgesics.
Tramadol.
NSAIDs
Ibrufen
Corticosteroids.
Prednisone
Multiple sclerosis
Definition.
Immune system attacks the myelin that covers the nerves.
Risk factors.
Age.
Smoking.
Family history.
Infections.
Race(Mainly whites).
Causes.
Causes of Multiple Sclerosis are unknown.
Clinical manifastations
Numbness and weakness in limbs.
Fatigue.
Dizziness.
Bowel and bladder problems.
Slurred speech.
Diagnostic studies.
Blood tests.
Lumbar puncture.
MRI.
Complications.
Epilepsy.
Depression.
Mental changes.
Paralysis.
Treatment and management.
Medical Management.
Corticosteroids.
Plasma exchange.
Pathophysiology.
Nursing Interventions
Health Eductaion
Advice patient to exercise more frequently.
Enough rest.
Eat a balanced meal.
Relieve stress.
Muscular dystrophy
Definition.
Diseases that causes progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass.
Clinical manifestations.
Trouble running and jumping.
Frequent falls.
Learning disabilities.
Muscle pain and stiffness.
Causes
Genetic Mutation.
Risk Factors
Family History.
Complications.
Inability to walk.
Breathing problems.
Curved spine.
Heart problems.
Shortening of muscles or tendons around joints.
Diagnostic tests.
Genetic testing.
Muscle Biopsy.
Lung-Monitoring tests.
Electromyography.
Treatment and Management.
No cure for muscular dystrophy.
Therapy
Exercise.
Mobility aids.
Breathing assistance.
Pathophysiology
Hereditary disease that causes progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscle.
Regeneration of some fibres.
Regeneration become larger than normal.
Muscles are replaced by scar tissue and fat.
Myasthenia gravis
Definition.
Weakness and rapid fatigue of any of the muscles under voluntary control.
Clinical Manifestations.
Muscle weakness.
Altered speaking.
Difficulty swallowing.
Problems chewing.
Causes.
Antibodies.
Thymus gland.
Genetic factors.
Risk Factors
Stress.
Extreme heat.
Illness.
Fatigue.
Diagnostic studies.
Neurological examination.
Edrophonium test.
CT Scan.
Blood analysis.
Treatment and Management.
Medical management.
Corticosteriods.
Immunosuppressants.
Cholinesterane inhibitors.
Surgical Management.
Thymectomy.
Nursing interventions.
Health Education
Safety precations at home.
Following correct diet.
Pre-Operative care.
Blood tests.
Monitoring vital signs.
Post Operative care.
Check sight of surgery for heamorrh1age.
Continue to monitor vital signs.