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Miscellaneous eye conditions. (Glaucoma. (Symptoms. (Patchy blind spots…
Miscellaneous eye conditions.
Retinal detachment.
Pathophysiology.
Sub-retinal fluid accumulates between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
Associated with posterior vitreous detachment or trauma.
Risk factors.
Family history of retinal detachment.
Complications from cataract surgery.
Severe myopia.
Retinal tears.
Smoking.
Diabetic retinopathy.
Clinical manifestations.
A sudden dramatic increase in the number of floaters.
Very brief flashes of light in the extreme peripheral part of vision.
The impression that a veil or curtain was drawn over the field of vision.
Central visual loss.
Nursing intervention.
Educating the patient to have proper light in their home for reading and other activities.
Advise the patient to get glasses that are specifically tailored for their eyes to optimize the vision that they have.
Educating the patient and his family to eliminate throw rugs.
Make home safer by placing colored tape on the edges of steps.
Advise the patient to tell friends and family about their vision problem so they can help.
Surgical management.
Sclera buckle surgery
Pneumatic retinopexy.
Vitrectomy.
Causes.
Retina separates from the layer underneath.
Diagnostic studies
Retinal examination.
Ophthalmoscopy.
Ultrasound imaging.
Glaucoma.
Pathophysiology.
The level of intraocular pressure is related to retinal ganglion cell death.
Intraocular pressure cause mechanical stress and strain on the posterior structures of the eye, notably the lamina cribrosa and adjacent tissues.
Symptoms.
Patchy blind spots in your side or central vision, frequently in both eyes.
Tunnel vision in the advanced stages.
Blurred vision.
Halos around lights.
Eye pain.
Eye redness.
Causes.
Damage of optic nerve.
Elevated eye pressure.
Risk factors.
Having high internal eye pressure.
Being over 60.
Medical conditions like diabetes, heart disease or sickle cell anemia.
Having family history of glaucoma.
History of eye surgery.
Diagnostic tests.
Measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry).
Imaging tests.
Testing for optic nerve damage with a dilated eye examination.
Visual field test.
Measuring corneal thickness.
Inspecting the drainage angle (gonioscopy).
Medical management.
Eye drop medication.
Prostaglandins
Bimatoprost.
Latanoprost.
Beta blockers.
Bemitol.
Betaxolol.
Alpha adrenergic agonists.
Apraclonidine
Brimonidine.
Surgical management.
Laser trabeculoplasty.
Filtering surgery.
Drainage tubes.
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.
Nursing interventions.
Health educate the patient to use medication as prescribed to get best possible result from their treatment.
Advise the patients to sleep with their head elevated.
Limiting caffeine.
Health educate about eating healthy diet ,including zinc, Vitamins C, E and A.
Advise the patients to exercise safely.
Aniridia.
Pathophysiology.
Mutation of the PAX6 gene is the main cause of this eye disease.
This gene is responsible for the production of a certain protein which helps in developing the eyes, spinal cord and brain.
Symptoms.
Absence of the colored part of the eye (iris).
Black eyes.
Abnormal pupils that can be dilated.
Low visibility due to defect in the eyes.
Clouding of the entire eyes.
Sensitivity of light.
Diagnostic tests.
Slit lamp examination.
Iris fluorescein angiography.
Optical coherence tomography.
Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination.
Treatment and management.
An ophthalmologist keeps patients under constant observation for controlling the light sensitivity.
Eye drops are often prescribed in cases where glaucoma is present.
Patients are often prescribed to wear glasses or contact lenses.
Surgical managements.
Cataract removal surgery often performed to improve vision of an individual with this condition.
Artificial iris may be placed in the eye after removing cataract.
Trabeculetomy.
Goniotomy.
Cyclophotocoagulation.
Causes.
Occurs while the eye is developing during the 12th to 14th week of pregnancy.