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Internet Addiction Disorder (Diagnostic criteria (tolerance need for…
Internet Addiction Disorder
excessive/ poorly controlled
preoccupations, urges, behaviours regarding Internet use = impairment/ distress
5 subtypes:
cyber-relational addiction
chat rooms, networking
overinvolvement in online r/s, virtual adultery
online r/s > real r/s
cybersex/ porn addiction
- viewing, downloading and trading online porn/ adult fantasy role-play chat rooms
net compulsion
online gaming, gambling, eBay
lose excessive $$
information overload
excessive web surfing and database searches
reduced work productivity
Computer addiction
computer games
Gender differences
females
:
gratification through
communication
romantic stories and images
sexual excitement is secondary
males
:
gratification through
visual
material
sexual excitement through masturbation
collecting mania
incline towards
violent and abusing content
psychiatric comorbidity
high comorbidity with
ADHD, affective disorders, anxiety, substance use disorders
Diagnostic criteria
tolerance
need for
increasingly amounts of time
on Internet
diminished effect with continued use for same amount of time
withdrawal
criteria A: cessation/ reduction of internet use after heavy and prolonged use
criteria B: 2 or more of the following develop within several days of criteria A:
~ psychomotor agitation
~ anxiety
~ (in)voluntary typing movements
criteria C: symptoms in B cause impairment/ distress in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
use of other similar services to relieve/ avoid withdrawal
use internet more often/ longer periods than intended
persistent desire/
unsuccessful efforts to decrease or control
usage
a lot of time spent
in activities related to Internet use
important social, occupational, recreational
activities are given up
/ overlooked
continue usage despite persistent/ recurrent problems
e.g. sleep deprivation, marital problems, tardiness, neglect of responsibilities, isolation, job loss
3 stages
Stage of Endangerment:
fulfils
criteria 1 - 3
over
last 6 months
Critical stage:
fulfils
at least 4 criteria
over
last 6 months
Chronic stage
:
fulfils
> 4 criteria
over
more than 6 months
Phenomenology of IAD
Personality
factors
lack perseverance
psychoticism
neuroticism
sensation seeking
aggressiveness
Psychosocial
factors
perceived discontentment with peer interactions
peer relations in school
few social friends
problems with parenting attitudes
family communication, cohesion, violence, dissatisfaction
low self-esteem
recent stressful events
substance use
poor school connectedness and performance
being male
insecure attachment style
low SES
Cognitive
factors
deficits in reward-based decision making
higher novelty-seeking characteristics
impaired executive control ability
cognitive bias, poorer executive functioning
impaired attentional performance