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Drug Addiction (Models of Drug addiction (Moral models
result of free…
Drug Addiction
Models of Drug addiction
Moral models
- result of free choice and personal responsibility
Disease model
- progressive, irreversible disease
- abstinence *
Social Learning models
- learned behaviour
- classical/ operant conditioning, observational learning, cognitive processes
Self-medication model
- function of underlying mental disorder
Cognitive model
- set of addictive beliefs centered around pleasure seeking, relief and escape
Sociocultural model
- subcultures & societies shape drug use pattern
stages of substance use
Risk factors:
- low education aspirations
- high perceived adult drug use
- high perceived peer drug use
- many deviant behaviours
- high perception of community support for drug use
- easy availability of drugs
- low perceived life opportunities
Protective factors:
- low depression
- supportive r/s
- many perceived sanctions against drug use
- religious
- high self-acceptance
- law abiding
-
process of change model (TTM)
- precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
- raise consciousness
- self-reevaluation
- self-liberation
- counter-conditioning
- stimulus control
- reinforcement management
- helping r/s
- environmental reevaluation
-
Prevention
Primary prevention
- avoid substance use/ abuse before it occurs
- develop responsible attitude
Secondary prevention
- early intervention designed to address substance as it is beginning to manifest
-
Harm Reduction approach
-
central assumptions:
- public health alternative to moral and disease model of drug addiction
- recognize abstinence as ideal, but accept alternative goals (controlled use)
- view severity of addiction on a continuum
methods:
- safer route of drug administration
- alternative, safer substances
- reduce freq, intensity, harmful consequences of usage
Female addicts
characteristics:
- usually older
- usage is usually promoted by male partner
- lower tendency to participate in crime
- receive treatment earlier
- little social support for treatment
- more concerned about issues of their children
- would join support group
treatment:
- emphasis on behavioural, intrapersonal & interpersonal r/s development, life skills training
- support group to help self-growth