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Ch09 (Sexual reproduction (Embryo and Seed Development (mature embryo…

- - - - develops into embryo
    - - exalbuminous seed
      - integuments surround nucleus
        
        sclerenchymatous
      - albuminous seed
      - integuments surround nucleus
        
        expand and become mature seed coat
      - funiculus break
  - - - karyogamy #
        
        fusion of the nuclei
      - pollen grows down through style
        
        releases sperm cells
        
        reaches egg apparatus
        
        sperm plasma membrane breaks down
        
        only contributes its nucleus in karyogamy
        
        sperm enters egg, fuses w/nucleus
      - plasmogamy
  - - - 2,4,8 haploid nuclei in single cell
      - pulled by microtubules
      - multinucleate
      - megaspore becomes megagametophyte
      - three mitotic divisions
      - one cell binucleate
      - megaspore develops into megagametophyte
      - one central cell
        
        two polar nuclei
        
        three small antipodal cells
        
        two synergids and a egg
    - - anginosperms
        
        Divides mitotically
      - sperm cells are not produced until after pollen carried to the sigma
      - developed from microspores
      - germinates into the pollen tube
      - consists of vegetative cells and two sperm cells
      - penetrates tissues of stigma
      - in 30% of angiosperms
  - - - ovary
      - stigma
      - style
    - - bears ovule
      - placentae
  - - - microspore mother cells
      - microsporocytes
      - tapetum
      - enlarge, undergo mitosis
- - - - species is diecious
      - extreme adaptation that ensures cross pollination #
      - have individuals that produce only staminate flowers and others that produce only carpellate flowers
    - - having staminate flowers located on the same plant as carpellate flowers
- - - - caryopsis
      - samara
      - compound gnoecium
      - nut
      - indehiscent fruits
      - achene
    - - accessory fruit
      - simple fruit
      - true fruits
      - aggregate fruit
      - pericarp
      - multiple fruit
        
        individual fruits of an inflorescence fuse into one fruit
    - - hespermidium
      - berry
      - drupe
      - pome
      - endocarp papery or leathery
      - pepo
  - - - mammaliochory
    - - chiropterochory
    - - ornithochory
    - - myrmecochory
    - - anemochory
    - - hydochory
    - - autochory