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MISCELLANEUS EYE CONDITIONS (CATARACT (CAUSES (Lifestyle., Research.,…
MISCELLANEUS EYE CONDITIONS
RETINOPATHY
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The retina is the part inside the eye that senses light. There can be partial or complete loss of vision.
Different diseases can cause retinopathy.
Retinopathy means that disease has damaged the retina.
Retinopathy can develop slowly or suddenly, can get better on its own or lead to permanent damage.
TYPES OF RETINOPATHY
proliferative retinopathy
In nonproliferative retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)
Hypertensive retinopathy
Central serous retinopathy
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Blurred vision
Sudden loss of vision in one or both eyes
Black spots
Flashing lights
Difficulty reading or seeing detailed work
Blind spots
Distorted shapes
Reduced visual sharpness
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Exercising regularly
Maintaining a healthy body weight
Eating a healthy diet
Getting regular checkups
Taking blood pressure medications as directed
RISK FACTORS
Retinal detachment
Cataract
Glaucoma
Crossed eyes
Lazy eye
Nearsightedness
SQUINT
DEFINITION
is the inward deviation of the eyes noted before the patient reaches age six (6) months.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Strabismus is associated with maldevelopment of stereopsis, motion processing, and eye movements.
Strabismus is a visual problem in which the eyes are not aligned properly and point in different directions.
To date, its exact cause has yet to be identified, and an effective treatment strategy is yet to be formulated.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Esotropia
Pursuit asymmetry
Latent fixation nystagmus
Amblyopia
CAUSES
Loci susceptibility
genetics
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
Occlusion therapy.
Cycloplegia
Occlusion therapy.
Corrective lenses
PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT
Combination antibiotic-steroid ointments.
Neurotoxins
CATARACT
DEFINITION
A cataract is a lens opacity or cloudiness.
On visual inspection, the lens appear gray or milky.
TYPES OF CATARACT
Nuclear cataract.
Cortical cataract
Posterior subcapsular cataracts.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Cataracts can develop in one or both eyes at any age as a result of a variety of causes.
CAUSES
Lifestyle.
Research.
Myopia.
Density
Cataract in the periphery
Degenerative changes
Genetic defects.
Foreign body injury.
Secondary effects
Drug or chemical toxicity.
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Blurred vision.
Glare.
Halos.
Double vision
COMPLICATIONS
Retrobulbar hemorrhage
Acute bacterial endophthalmitis.
Toxic anterior segment syndrome
DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination.
Ophthalmoscopy.
Snellen visual acuity test