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Flowers and Reproduction (sexual reprodutction (flower structure image…

- - - - sporophytes are diploid
        
        undergo meiosis
        
        spores
    - - syngamy
  - - - end of axis where the other flower parts are attached
    - - flower stalk
    - - four types
    - - lowermost and outermost of the four floral appendages
    - - receptacle of petals
  - - - microspores develop into microgametophytes
        
        vegetative cell
        
        generative cell
  - - - triploid
    - - fusions
  - - - zygote begins to grow
    - - pushes the embryo deep into the endosperm
- - - - stigma and pollen incompatibility
        
        compatibility barriers
        
        chemical reactions between pollen and carpels that prevent pollen growth
      - monoecious and dioecious species
        
        essential organs
        
        they produce the critically important spores
      - animal pollinated flowers
        
        dramatic impact on the evolution of flowering plants
        
        insects visiting resulted in mutations
        
        pigments , fragrances
      - wind pollinated flowers
        
        totally distinct set of modifications is adaptive
        
        energy saved
      - ovary position
        
        well protected from pollinators
        
        burying ovules in order to effect pollination
      - cross pollination
        
        self pollination
        
        pollination of a carpel by pollen from the same flower or another flower on the same plant
        
        is the pollination of a carpel by pollen from a different individual
      - stamen and style maturation times
        
        self fertilization in flowers that have both stamens and carpels
        
        prevented if anthers and stigma mature at different times
        
        when stigma and style become mature there may be no living pollen left in the flower
- - - - "false fruit"
        
        is used if any nonsovarian tissue is present
  - - - dry
        
        not typically eaten
      - fleshy
        
        eaten during the natural seed distribution