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Museum School Human (Nervous System (Brain (Retina (Photoreceptor cells…

- - - - Neuron Cells
        
        Neuropeptide Y is made of inhibitory neurons and acts as a neurotransmitter during cellular communication as well as affecting how hungry you are.
        
        Adrenaline :
        is a molecule getting released when we feel stressed.
      - Neuroglial Cell
        
        Mylens
        
        Phospholipids - Is a Lipid containing a phosphate group and is the major component of all cell membranes.
        Both tails on this molecule are stocked with hydrogen's and carbons.
    - - Glial Cell
        
        Glutamate
        
        Endogenous Opiods
        
        are enkephalins and endorphins that are primarily produced in the brain and have multiple actions throughout the body. Enkephalins and endorphins act at opioid receptors and their activity can be blocked by opioid antagonists.
        
        Neurotransmiitter that is released by the nerve cell in the brain. It is responsible for sending signals between nerve cells, under normal conditons it plays and important roll in learning and memory
        
        Surrounds neurons and provide support for an insulation between them. Glial cells are the most abundant cell types in the central nervous system. types of glial cells. are Schwann, microglia and more.
    - - Neurons
        
        Acetylcholine
        
        The Acetic Acid and Choline molecules make up the protien, Acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a biomolecule that is a neurotransmitter, it works with the understanding/comprehension, learning, memory, attention, and motivation. The invisible children are learning from memory, they need to never disobey or betray the rebel group.
        
        Acetic Acid
        
        choline
  - - - Neuron Cells
        
        Dopamine is a cheical released in the brain called a neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a chemical responsible for motivational urges and one of the biochemicals linked to happiness. Only few neurons produce dopamine, and those that do are responsible for sending the dopamine throughout the other neuron cells, therefore creating a sense of motivation. These neurons release dopamine in varying ammounts when there is a percieved reward for doig something. Certain drugs and alcohol can mess with special receptors and change the ammount of dopamine in your system. Don't do drugs.
    - - Oxytocin is a hormone released by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland the really small one at the base of the brain. Released when people are in love or are sociable sometimes called the "cuddle hormone". It shrinks the uterus in women after child birth and is released when breast feeding, It helps with bonding and social skills in people that are in a existing relationship or friendship.
  - - - Neurons
        
        Cortisol
        
        Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, but it is only one of the stress hormones, adrenaline is another. When you're put into a stressful situation your neurons send a signal to your adrenal glands to secrete cortisol and adrenaline which triggers the fight or flight response. Stress in certain situations can be a good thing, you always have to have a certain amount of cortisol in your body. But in Veterans with PTSD who have had high cortisol levels for a long period of time are at risk for heart disease, diabetes, memory loss, and lower brain function. 20% of Veterans in America have PTSD or Chronic Stress disorder. 20.5% of Veterans in the US have diabetes. This is a very close number. When you have heightened cortisol levels your blood sugar goes up to give you energy to fight or run, but when your levels are up for a long period of time your blood sugar levels stay up as well. This is why veterans with PTSD are more likely to have diabetes the the average person in the US.
    - - Dopamingeric Neuron cells
        
        Dopamine is a biomolecule that transmits messages between the neurons in your nervous tissue. Dopamine is a catecholamine neurotransmitter, and also happens to be very hydrophilic. It is key to your mind's reward pathway. Dopamine is released to motivate you or as a reward for accomplishing your goal or doing something that you need to do to survive. It helps you feel pumped and good in general. It also is used as a reinforcement to train you to do something again and again. This is how you can get addicted to drugs. "Surges of dopamine in the reward circuit cause the reinforcement of pleasurable but unhealthy activities, leading people to repeat the behavior again and again." (https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-use-addiction) The drugs flood the brain of dopamine and the brain feels good that it did something. Then it wants to do that thing again so that it can be happy again.
    - - Brain Cell
        
        Nerve Cell, Glial Cell
        
        Catecholamines as neurotransmitters
        
        Dopamine
        
        Dopamine plays an important role in motivation and decision making. As children go through adolescence, more risk-taking behavior and independence is expected due to the way that the dopamine is affected by the growth. Because of the way that the dopamine neurotransmitters affect decision making, new experiences., and the need to be independent, adolesents are more likely to make decisions that don't reflect who they truly are and they don't end well for them. This relates to children and teens being convicted, and why they should not be tried as adults. There are actual neurological reason why they make the decisions they do and they are not always in the best mindset.
        
        Epinephrine/Norephinephrine
        
        There are also heightened stressors due to environment and developmental process during adolescence. This ends up releasing epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. This is the fight or flight response which can lead to situations where the teen ends up doing something they wouldn't normally do, and ends up in jail.
    - - Photoreceptor cells:Rods and Cones
        
        Photopigments change shape when they detect light. This change in shape triggers a series of chemical reactions and sends a signal to the visual cortex of the brain. Rods don't detect color so they contain rhodopsin. There are 3 types of cones for detecting different colors of light. Each cone has a different photopigment. Cones that detect red light contain erythrolabe, cones that detect green light contain chlorolabe, and cones that detect blue light contain cyanolabe.
    - - Nucleus
        
        Neurotransmitters
        
        Caffeine
        
        Caffeine is a nervous system stimulant. It is a highly consumed drug like substance. It makes you feel more awake and more alert. There are side effects like any other drug. An over-consumption of caffeine can cause Anxiety, Insomnia, Muscle breakdown and high blood pressure to name a few. This can be related to Activism and Art because it can effect how focused you are on what you are creating.
      - Neurons
        
        Serotonin is a happiness hormone and gives you a sweet warm and fuzzy feeling. If something good is happening to the president or the country or both then the president will have more serotonin. James Monroe made policies for the economy and it caused the Era of Good Feelings.
    - - Arachnoid Tissue
        
        Dopamine
        
        Dihydroxyphenylalanine
        
        Dopamine is a chemical released by neurons to send signals to other nerve cells. Dopamine governs decisions about actions so precisely scientist can measure and predict what will happen. The cortex sends a signal to the striatum which, receives dopamine to orchestrate events. Dihydroxyphenylalanine role is a human metabolite, a substance formed necessary for metabolism. Dihydroxyphenylalanine a tyrosine derivative and a non- proteinogenic alpha-amino acid. Also, a precursor of dopamine.
  - - - Navagational Cells
        
        Adrenaline
        
        Adrenaline is a chemical molecule hormone that is the main factor in the fight or flight reflex. It causes your breathing to quicken in order to get more oxygen to the bloodstream, it causes your heart to beat faster so more blood can be sent to important areas, (legs for running, arms for punching, etc.)
        
        It is a neurotransmitter released from the adrenal glands in hippocampus, a part of the brain that is responsible for sensing fear and negative emotions. This is a very important chemical in your fight or flight response. Adrenaline is usually released when you are overly excited, scared, or angry. We have related this to police brutality in because in situations were you have very little time to think, you may just use the fight or flight response. This may result in somebody getting hurt.
    - - Axon- An axon is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma. Axons are in effect the primary transmission lines of the nervous system, and as bundles they help make up nerves.
        
        Pfas- Is an acid it's part of the anthropogenic fluorosurfactant family. It is a common bonding agent on the plastic wrapping. When it gets in your system it can have a very bad effect on your brain the pfas will get in your brain attacking you axons and taking there pl your brain can tell the difference between the pfas to this can have major negative effects the brain.
        
        GenX- IS the molecule that allows pfas to pass through the brain without being detected this is a very dangerous man made chemical found to try and allow medicines getting in difference places in the body.
  - - - Neurons are the basic working unit of the brain. They consist of the soma (or cell body), dendrites and the axon. The soma is the neurons life support, the dendrites receive messages from other cells, and the axon transmits electrical impulses from cell body to other neurons or glands or muscles.
        
        Peptide Hormones consist of amino acids. They can be among the intracellular signalling peptides and hormones. Their actions are not limited to individual cells and they can act systemically.
        
        Endorphins are natural, opiate like neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure. They are released when stressed, or when something exciting is happening. It can be something as small as getting many likes on a post or going skydiving. Not enough endorphins leads to depression.
  - - - neurons: dopamine acts as a neurotransmitter and neuroregulator
        
        Dopamine: the happiness hormone. acts as a neurotransmitter and a neuroregulator for the neurons and nervous system. it can also be used as a drug
        
        Carbon, Hydroperoxyl, and Amino Radical make up Dopamine
  - - - NEURONS: Research has been made through an experiment with Songbirds to show that music may increase neurogenesis in the brain. Neurogenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's respond positively to music.
        
        PROTEINS: Proteins act as a part of human DNA. People's response to music is said to be genetical.
        
        CORITSOL: When listening to music, cortisol levels go down making the mind more relaxed. Heart rate and stress levels go down as well.
  - - - Central Nucleus Of The Amygdala (An output cell to the amygdala)
        
        The amygdala is known to stimulate corticotropin (cortisol when it is processed in the amygdala) which interacts with the medial prefrontal cortex. This pathway becomes activated when an organism anticipates a potential threat.
        
        LAC (Acetyl-L-Carnitine)
        
        Acetyl-L-Carnitine is a medicine but it can also cause depression. It's naturally produced by the body & It helps produce energy. Since its produced by the body, the less that you have the more its makes people depressed because they are not getting the energy they need. People take Acetyl-L-Carnitine to gain their energy back that they lost or didn't gain from their body.
        
        Dopamine
        
        It affects the brain and gives signals to certain nerves allowing for you to feel certain emotions in your body such as pleasure and satisfaction which can override other emotions and feelings. Athletes can feel things such as runners feeling this feeling called "runner's high" where they reach the peak of their run after an intense session of pain. :
        
        Serotonin
        
        Serotonin is a nuerotransmitter that produces happiness or joy when you do something that youu enjoy. Some people have a chemical imbalance which means when they do stuff they usually enjoy, they dont enjoy it as much which can cause mental health problems such as depression
      - The amygdala is responsible for emotions, survival instincts, and memory.
  - - - BDNF - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor is a member of the neurotrophin family growth of factors. It's active in areas relating to learning, memory, and higher thinking. It's important to long-term memory and made in the endoplasmic reticulum. It determines the levels of conditional fear response.
  - - - Anygdala
        
        Central nuclei of Anygdala
        
        Norepinephrine sends blood to large muscle groups. And the lungs, plus pupils dilate, sends sends a reminder something is happening.
- - - - Red Blood Cell
        
        Hemoglobin- Hemoglobin is what is used to transfer oxygen through your body, it is like a truck that moves through your body to transfer oxygen. If your hemoglobin doesnt have enough iron (4 atoms) then your hemoglobin will not move correctly and you will not get enough oxygen through out your body
        
        :
      - Anti-Microbial Peptide: Which does multiple things like wound healing, kill Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria etc. Antimicrobial Peptide are filled with amino acids, with amino acids they do a lot in healing the body like regulating blood sugar, regulates blood sugar and it does muscle repair which segways into wound healing. Amino acids heal the body by increasing blood flow and oxygen to the wound by doing this it reduces inflammation/ clotting causing blood not to erupt. Amino acids are found in antimicrobial peptides that interact in healing the body! - HSS
  - - - Cardiac Muscle Cell
        
        Heroin- Heroin is a opioid, and is commonly used as a recrational drug. The heroin effects the Cardiac Muscle cell by destroying it, when it travels thought the blood, leading up to the heart. After it does that bad things happen
- - - - oocytes
        
        estrogen
        
        Estrogen is a female hormone that is produced by the Ovary. Estrogen helps control and guide sexual development including physical changes. It influences the course of the menstrual cycle, lactation after pregnancy, aspects of mood, and the aging process. The production of estrogen comes naturally throughout a females life span. Estrogen deficiency can lead to a lack of menstruation, presents difficulties with menopause, and osteoporosis in older age.
        
        BPA is a chemical which is added to many commercial products, including food containers and hygiene products. It is also used to make epoxy resins, which are spread on the inner lining of canned food containers. BPA mimics the structure of the estrogen hormone, due to its estrogen shape BPA can bind estrogen receptors and influence the bodily process. It can interfere with growth, cell repair, fetal development, energy levels, and reproduction. BPA can also interact with hormone receptors, such as thyroid altering its function. Our body is sensitive to changes in hormone levels, which is why BPA's ability to mimic estrogen is believed to affect your health. One of the main ways BPA gets into your system is through your diet when the containers are made the BPA automatically gets into the product.
  - - - Cortisol
        
        Cortisol is a type of glucocorticoid and a steroid hormone. It is created in the adrenal glands (these are above the kidney). Cortisol is fully developed in the zona fasciculata which is the outer layer of the adrenal glands called the adrenal cortex. The pituitary gland and hypothalamus (both in the brain) work with the adrenal glands to regulate cortisol levels in the body. When cortisol is released throughout the body from the adrenal glands, there are receptors in cells for it that controls the effects such as high stress levels, regulating metabolism, reduce inflammation, salt and water balance, and influencing memory formulation.
    - - Epinephrine - It is a Hormone that increases blood pressure and heart rate. It also can be classified as a neurotransmitter.
    - - Cortisol is a bunch of adrenaline that is in your bloodstream so it affects your blood sugar levels and your blood pressures
  - - - Testosterone is an essential hormone for both men and women. It effects male sex drive, bone and muscle mass, mood, body hair growth and red blood cell production. It is made and produced in the endocrine. They are released from the denoting glands. Testosterone is found in the testicles.
- - - - Myocite
        
        Actin is a biomolecule that forms muscle cells. It plays a part in many cellular processes, like muscle contraction, cell division, cell junctions, and shape. Methinoine is an essential amino acid in humans. They are building blocks that our bodies use to make proteins.
  - - - Endothelial Cells
        
        Actin Filaments act as filaments in the body, and create the force for the muscles to contract. In other words, actin filaments allow you to move.
- - - - Proteins are needed for the structure, function, and regulation of your body, specifically the tissues and organs. Proteins are made up of lots and lots of amino acids, thousands of them all attached in a long chain. Proteins are also used to make hormones and enzymes
      - organ::esophagus, tissue and cell: epithelial bio molecule;carbohydrate
        
        carbohydrate is a group of compounds that is inside food and is also inside actual living tissue. carbohydrates has sugar inside and can also be broken down in the animal body so the energy can release
  - - - Blood Cells
        
        Ghrelin, a hormone that controls hunger. It is created in the stomach when you are hungry, and goes through the bloodstream to other places in your body
- - - - lymphocytes
        
        immunoglobulins
        
        Immunoglobulins are antibodies, more specifically a glycoprotein molecules which is produced by plasma cells (better known as white blood cells). Immunoglobulins are very important to the immune response by recognizing and then catching antigens like disease and bacteria. This is a picture of an IgM immunoglobulin which is found mainly only in blood and lymph fluid which lymph nodes hold and move around the body.
  - - - lymphocyte
        
        Hematopoietic stem cells are immature cells that can develop into all types of blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells, and placelets). These cells are found in peripheral blood and bone marrow.
- - - - Mesothelium
        
        Phospholipid Bilayer - Phospholipids consists of a hydrophilic (water loving) head and a hydrophobic (water fearing) tail just like soap. Phospholipids like to line up and arrange themselves into two parallel layers, called a phospholipid bilayer. This layer makes up your cell membranes and is critical to a cells ability to function.
- - - - Acetyl-L-Carnitine/LAC has a big part in intermediary metabolism, drives the expression of certain genes, may slow cognitive decline, and when used as dietary supplement, has antidepressant and neuroprotective roles. LAC also can better the dysfunction in the medial amygdala, a part of the brain with a key role in emotional/behaviors or social interactions. The medial amygdala is part of the limbic system, a system that is involved in motivation, emotion, learning and memory. One of the genes LAC controls controls the amount of glutamate there is in a person. Glutamate is neurotransmitters that works with communication between nerve cells, allowing the brain to create new memories (limbic system) and sending signals between neurons. Too much glutamate in somebody’s system can damage neurons. Research done by doctors has shown that people with depression have less LAC in their system than other people, and by extension, likely have more glutamate. The glutamate can damage neurons, which are a very important part of your body and limbic system, which contains the other major thing that LAC regulates, the medial amygdala. Low LAC levels correlate with people who have treatment resistant depression or resistance to typical treatment.