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DRUGS THAT THAT AFFECT THE KIDNEYS AND RENAL FUNCTION (THIAZIDE DIURETICS…
DRUGS THAT THAT AFFECT THE KIDNEYS AND RENAL FUNCTION
THIAZIDE DIURETICS (CHLOROTHIAZIDE/ HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Bind and inhibit sodium pump thus interfere with reabsorption of sodium and water
INDICATIONS
hypertension
nephrotic syndrome
mild cardiac failure
prevention of renal stone formation in idiopathic hypercalciuria
CONTRAINDICATIONS
diabetes
gout
SIDE EFFECTS
metabolic alkalosis
reduced urine flow in diabetes
potassium loss
increased uric acid secretion (induced gout)
Hyperglycaemia
photosensitivity
STORAGE CONDITIONS
room temperature 24 degrees or less
store away from sunlight
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Oral
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
(MANNITOL)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Increase osmotic pressure in the tubules, inhibiting passive reabsorption of water
INDICATIONS
to lower intracranial pressure
reduces intraocular pressure in glucoma
cardiovascular surgical procedures
SIDE EFFECTS
nausea
headache
vomiting
STORAGE CONDITIONS
room temperature 24 degrees or less.
away from sunlight
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
administered intravenously and orally
LOOP DIURETICS
(FUROSEMIDE/ BUMETANIDE/ TORASEMIDE
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Acts on the ascending loop of henle and interfere to a great extent with reabsorption of sodium and water
INDICATIONS
hypercalcaemia
oedema due to chronic renal failure
hypertension with renal impairment
hepatic cirrhosis
neprotic syndrome
renal failure
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Non-Steroidal Ant-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Gentamycin
Digoxin
SIDE EFFECTS
Hypokalaemia
Sodium depletion
Transient deafness (Large dose)
Photosensitivity
STORAGE CONDITIONS
room temperature at 24 degrees or less.
away from direct sunlight
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
oral
intravenous
potassium sparing drugs
(TRIAMTERENE/ AMILORIDE)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Antagonise aldosterone on renal tubules
Bind to sodium channels by increasing sodium and water excretion with some sodium retension
INDICATIONS
prevent potassium loss
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Impaired renal function
patient on ACE inhibitors
Supplemental potassium
SIDE EFFECTS
Hyperkalaemia
Sodium depletiion
Sodium depletion
STORAGE CONDITIONS
room temperature at 24 degrees or less
away from direct sunlight
ROUTE OF ADMONISTRATION
Oral
Intravenous
POTASIUM SPARRING DRUGS
(SPIRONOLACONE)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Antagonise aldosterone, promote excretion of sodium and water with potassium retention
INDICATIONS
Prevent potassium loss
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Supplementary potassium
ACE inhibitors
SIDE EFFECTS
hyperkalaemia
metabolic acidosis
skin rashes
Gynaecomastia
Testicular atropy
Menstrual disorders
STORAGE
away from sunlight and at room temperature not above 24 degrees
ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
Oral