The Protestant Reformation
causes
important people
main ideas
the Counter Reformation - the Catholic Church's response
the legacy of the Reformation
Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation and started Lutheranism in Germany
95 Theses posted by Luther expressed his grievances about the RC Church and its corruption
church corruption - simony: the selling of church positions; clergy often took money and didn't do their jobs; nepotism - giving jobs to family, not to people who were qualified
indulgences - the Church earned alot of money by selling forgiveness that would reduce one's time in purgatory
Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church because he wanted a divorce and couldn't get one from the Church; the Church of England (Anglican) became the official church of England
the main reason for protest was to expect the Catholic Church to reform (change)
Council of Trent
The Bible should be every Christian's guide
individual connection with God rather than only through the priest
get rid of indulgences
invention of the printing press allowed more people to read and learn about protestant ideas and also read the Bible for themselves; greater literacy
justification by faith - the only way to salvation is through believing in God, not by doing good works and earning your way into heaven
John Wycliffe
Jon Hus
Ulrich Zwingli
John Calvin
clergy should be educated
doctrine:
the Bible and traditions form doctrine
original sin - mankind also has free will
grace comes from the 7 sacraments
the Mass is the actual body and blood of Christ