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Statistical Interference (Systematic Reviews (measures of association vary…
Statistical Interference
Critical Assessment
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- Read a Number of Studies on Your Topic
- Use Your Assessment to Inform Policy & Practice
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Systematic Reviews
- measures of association vary across studies
- some public health issues can influence large numbers of people (biological significance)
- many studies only demonstrate a slight risk
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This involves identifying, collecting, assessing and summarising published data relating to a specified research hypothesis, with the aim of drawing a summary conclusion
Cochrane Reviews
- Cochrane Reviews prepared by reviewing author teams
- updated to take into account emerging evidence
- resource for systematic reviews in health care
Meta-Analysis
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Involves statistical analysis of the results from a range of studies (usually the OR or RR measures of association)
Meta-analysis can demonstrate an increase in statistically significant results and is useful when results between studies are conflicting
Integration of a range of individual studies, all with a range of different study strengths and weaknesses
Publication Bias
- studies of ‘no association’ may not be considered interesting enough to be published in journals.
- It often only studies which demonstrate a ‘positive association’ are published throughout the epidemiological literature.
- When a systematic review is restricted to published journal articles, only those studies which demonstrate an association may be readily available for inclusion.
Criticism
-It’s difficult to combine different study types as important differences between studies might be disregarded
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Pooled Study Designs: When the original data from a range of studies is identified, and then re-analyzed to form a new, larger study, the research design is known as pooled analysis.