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Impact Ethics (Pooping in the Woods (Cat Hole (ideal in places with good…
Impact Ethics
Pooping in the Woods
Cat Hole
ideal in places with good soil, but not in alpine or sterile soil area
not the best in areas with lots of visitors- you could just be digging up someone's cat hole and overuse of cat holes is not good for soil
pooping where soil is loose and in the sun helps absorption (REI, 2019)
can pick up rock and poop in hole from rock (REI, 2019)
Dilution
okay to poop in the ocean if you don't have another option, but not in lake, river, or stream
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Wag Bags
if you can't make a cat hole and must carry out poop, poop in wag bag so that the poop is contained and doesn't smell too much
DIY wag bags: heavy duty freezer bags with aluminum around inside, cat litter, and can cover with duct tape if you'd like (REI, 2019)
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poop at least 200 feet from trails, campsites, and any bodies of water
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LNT Guidelines
Seven Principles
plan ahead and prepare
have plan before you go out as to reduce chances of getting lost or wandering off trail and creating more of an impact on trails or resources that you'd use if you were lost
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leave what you find
leave as little change/ impact on site as possible, don't alter trees, flowers, and plants by carving or picking them
don't take things from the wilderness out with you (flowers, sea glass, etc)
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respect wildlife
don't disturb nature in its natural habitat by being loud, making quick movements, or getting too close
don't try to pet or feed animals because they looks "cute"- they're not house pets, they're wild animals
don't intrude on places they eat, sleep, or wander
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History
"Leave No Trace was incorporated as a 501(c)(3), nonprofit organization in 1994, though the Leave No Trace concept is over a half-century old." (Leave No Trace, 2019)
Started as set of guidelines for outdoor activity, then handed out in pamphlets in national and state parks (1960s), started as program with NOLS (1980s), then became organization officially (1994)
outdoor recreation became popular in the 1960s, and a need for environmental awareness and impact education began as degradation of campsites, parks, and trails became noticeable (Marion and Reed, 2001)
criticisms
implies all human impact is negative, and that humans aren't part of nature
kills curiosity and wonder for people, especially children
ex. if we want kids to explore nature and be in the outdoors, but tell them they can't touch anything or go off the beaten path a little bit, it takes away some of that wonder
strict and nitpicky rules, but there is exceptions to all rules
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makes principles seem very strict, and argument that if we were to truly Leave no Trace, we'd have to not be in the woods at all
rules focus on having no impact, instead of how to make your impact positive, or at least smaller
LNT was made for people that are largely inexperienced or tourists, but isn't as applicable to adventure sports enthusiasts and professionals
a lot of the places we go will not have trails, we will have to rely on fires at some points, etc
"disguises much about human relationships with non-human nature" (Simon and Alagona, 2009) as they create this view of nature as having to be remote and untouched, and erase human history with the land
as a result, Simon and Alagona wrote a paper to reform and build on LNT that "goes beyond its current, self-imposed limitations" (Simon and Alagona, 2009)
" redefines recreationists, from passive ethical subjects and consumers, to active participants in collaborative programs that produce and disseminate new knowledge about the land, shape new government policies and management programs, and inform the design and production of new products that promote the broader goals of social justice and ecological sustainability." (Simon and Alagona, 2009)
"emphasizes participation, collaboration, and democratic decision-making in the production and dissemination of new knowledge, the formation of new government policies and management programs, and the design and production of new outdoor products." (Simon and Alagona, 2009)
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