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Animal behavior (Learning (Cognition (Most complex form of learning,…
Animal behavior
Learning
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Associative learning
The ability to associate one environmental feature with another (color, taste)
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Operant conditioning
Trial and error, where an animal learns to associate a behavior with a reward or punishment
Cognition
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Awareness, recollection, reasoning and judgement
Insects, as well as humans, display cognitive behavior
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Altruism
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Inclusive fitness
The total effect an individual has spreading its genes by producing its own offspring AND providing aid that enables other close relatives (who share many of those genes), to produce offspring
Reciprocal altruism
Altruistic behavior in individuals not related, when behavior is expected to be reciprocated in the future
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Sensory inputs
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Circadian rhythm affects animal behavior, and seasonal behavior is affected by cirannual rhythm
Communication
Visual, chemical (pheromones, e.g. mating or alarm), tactile (through touching), or auditory
Mating behavior
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Certainty of paternity
Females are usually certain that the offspring is their own, so they care for it; males do not always know
The more certain a male is that the offspring is his own, the more likely he will care for it rather than going off and finding another mate
In many species, there is external fertilization, where the male fertilizes the offspring (eggs) outside of the female's body; there is then a greater likelihood of the male sticking around
Sexual selection
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Game Theory
An approach to evaluating alternative strategies in situations where the outcome of a particular strategy depends on the strategies used by other individuals (often applied to evolutionary problems)
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