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Flowers and Reproduction (Flower Structure and Cross Pollination…

- - - - Sperm (male)
      - Egg (female)
      - Syngamy (Fertilization)
        
        Fusion of gametes
    - - Fertilized egg
    - - Sporophytes are diploid
      - Produces spores
    - - Produces gametes
        
        Microgametes (sperm)
        
        Megagametes (egg)
      - Microgametophytes (male)
        
        Produces microspores
      - Megagametophytes (female)
        
        Produces megaspores
    - - Two generations
      - Heteromorphic generations
        
        No resemblance between gametophyte and sporophyte
  - - - Flower stalk
    - - Where the rest of the flower is attached
    - - Flowers with sepals, petals, stamen, and carpels
      - Incomplete flowers lack at least one #
    - - Outermost flower appendage
      - All sepals together are called a calyx
    - - Above the sepals
      - Together are known as a corolla
      - Sepals and petals make the perianth
    - - Above petals, together known as androecium
      - Two part
        
        Filament
        
        Stalk of stamen
        
        Anther
        
        Where pollen is produced
        
        Microsporocytes (microspore mother cells)
        
        Tapetum
        
        Surround microsporocytes
        
        Produces the pollen
    - - Constitute the gynoecium
      - Made of 3 parts
        
        Stigma
        
        Catches pollen
        
        Style
        
        Elevates stigma
        
        Ovary
        
        Produces megaspores
        
        Placentae contain ovules
        
        Ovules have parenchyma called nucellus #
      - Megasporocytes (megaspore mother cells)
        
        Holds egg
  - - - Vegetative cell
        
        Cell within the pollen grain
      - Generative cell
        
        Divides to form two sperm cells
      - Pollen tube
        
        Germinated pollen grain that penetrates stigma
    - - Embryo sac
        
        Multinucleate megagametophyte
        
        Central cell
        
        Two polar nuclei
        
        Three antipodals
        
        Egg apparatus
        
        Two synergids and egg
  - - - Fusion of protoplasts
    - - Fusion of the nuclei
    - - The triploid part of the central cell
      - Endosperm
        
        Tissue that nourishes zygote
    - - Fertilization of the egg and endosperm
  - - - Stalk that pushes embryo into endosperm
    - - End of embryo, primordia
    - - Embryonic root
      - Epicotyl
        
        Embryonic stem
        
        Hypocotyl
        
        Root/shoot junction
    - - Mature seed with lots of endosperm
    - - Seed with little endosperm
    - - Integuments around nucellus
  - - - Mature ovary
    - - Skin or peel
    - - Flesh
    - - Innermost layer
    - - Fruit wall
- - - - Pollination from same plant
  - - - Reactions that prevent pollen growth
  - - - Stamens and carpels
    - - Flowers that lack at least one central organ
    - - Flower that have both central organs
    - - Sepals and petals
    - - Species with separate male and female flowers
      - Dioecious species
    - - Species with male and female on same plant
      - Monoecious
  - - - When both species evolve with each other
    - - Radially symmetrical
    - - Bilaterally symmetrical
  - - - Below other organs
    - - Organs above inferior ovary
    - - Above other organs
      - Hypogynous
        
        Organs below
    - - Buried between organs
      - Perigynous
        
        Organs around
- - - - Fruit w/ only ovarian tissue
    - - If any non-ovarian tissue present
    - - Fruit from one or fused ovaries
    - - Fruit from separate fused carpels
    - - Fusion of all inflorescence fruits
  - - - Not typically eaten
      - Dehiscent fruits
        
        Break open, release seed
      - Indehiscent fruits
        
        Don't break open
    - - Typically eaten