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Stuart Britain Religion (Charles II (Tried for some religious toleration…
Stuart Britain Religion
James II
- Declared himself a Catholic openly - Parliament did not want him to take the throne
- Had a son in June 1688; P worried that there would be another Catholic heir
- 7 Eng men wrote to William (Dutch) inviting him to invade. Landed in Nov, exiled James (fled to France). W + Mary joint monarchs
- Open rebellion to his religious policies -
- Duke of Monmouth (Charles II's illegitimate son) raised an army to depose the king but defeated
William + Mary
- Left religion in the hands of Parliament, William wanted military control
- Parliament passed xxxx to ensure there would never be the possibility of a Catholic monarch
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- James II tried to oppose him with the support of the Catholic Irish - was brutally crushed
Cromwell (Interregnum)
- Extended religious toleration
- Cromwell was an Independent
- Transformed the Church in favour of Puritans, wanted reform
James I
- Catholic gunpowder plot 1605
- Divine Right of Kings (selected by God to rule unchallenged)
- State religion, James insistent on religious uniformity - everyone has to attend and supported with taxes
Absolutism under James I:
- 2 branches of religion: Anglicans (agree with Church of England) + Calvinists (dissenters, thought CofEng was too Catholic)
- 2 (approaches) of Calvinists: Puritans (want to purify the CofEng) + Seperatists (apart from the CofEng)
- Tap Water Analogy
- Problem is that James won't allow this, demands uniformity + recusancy fines
Charles II
- Tried for some religious toleration (Puritanism)
- Conflict with P (division between the Whigs/Tories) - led to the Exclusion crisis, Whigs tried to pass an Exclusion Bill to bar James II from succession, this was a direct move and disregarded Charles, who proved his power
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- The Popish plot (Catholics accused of trying to kill the king, accusations were baseless but still had impact)
Charles I
- Tried to establish English Prayer Book in Scotland in 1637 (?)
- Charles executed 1649, end of royal absolutism
- Roundheads set up the New Model Army (average soldier was a highly radical, religious Protestant dissenter - lots were zealous puritans/other religious sects)
- Commander of NMA Thomas Fairfax, Cromwell an officer in army (OC more radical, TF not happy with execution of king)
- Charles dissolved P in 1629 - Personal rule 1629 - 1640
- Called P again to fund war in 1640
English civil war 1642 - 1651, Cavaliers (supporters of king, royalists) vs Roundheads (supporters of Long P inc Puritans )