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Congenital Disorders (Down's Syndrome ) (Definition (It is a genetic…
Congenital Disorders (Down's Syndrome )
Definition
It is a genetic condition that occurs when there is an extra copy of a specific chromosome (chromosome 21).
Causes
It is caused by abnormal cell division during the development of the sperm or the egg cell.
Risk factors
Advanced Maternal Age
Being carriers of the genetic translocation for Down syndrome
Having had one child with Down syndrome
Pathophysiology
Down’s syndrome results when abnormal cell division involving chromosome 21 occurs. Down’s syndrome is caused by trisomy 21 ,the person has three copies of chromosome 21, instead of the usual two copies, in all cells.
Signs and Symptoms
Eyes that slant upward and have white spot on the iris
Low muscle tone
Flat nasal bridge
Protruding tongue
Medical management
Folic acid supplements are given are taken before and during pregnancy.
Nursing management
The nurse may refer the mother to a psychologist for counselling.
Nursing Care Plan
Nursing intervention include teaching early stimulation , hygiene and feeding techniques permits better adjustment .
Health Education
Women may reduce risk of having a baby with Down’s syndrome by giving birth before the age of 35.