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Voting Behaviour (Party Identification Model (Not influenced by (policies,…
Voting Behaviour
Party Identification Model
Earliest model on voting behaviour
based on psychological attachment
vote out of loyalty
relies on early political socialization
families
group memberships
social experience
Not influenced by
policies
mass media
Campaigning
Partisan alignment
Stable voting patterns
sustained over lifetime
calculate 'normal' based on loyalty
Deviations from 'normal'
reflect short term influences
Weakness
Partisan dealignment
decline in habitual voting
Rational-choice Model
individual choice
rational act
personal self-interest
NOT influenced by
attachment
allegiances
habitual
Keys (1966)
voting based on party in power
how the government is performing
Himmelviet (1985)
behave like consumers
choice of policy options
Weakness
influences of
social context
cultural context
Dominant-Ideology Model
individual choice is manipulated
process of ideological control
how individuals interpret their position
from education
from government
from Mass media
only reinforces?
Mass media
structure preference
distort flow of communication
set agenda for debate
gain sympathies
Weakness
Overstates social conditioning
not individual
personal choice
key influences
Short term
state of the economy
brand of the party
personality of the party leader
Party Campaigning
opinion poll
Mass media
Long term
Mass media
loyalty
Social status
key areas
Psychological
loyality
attachment
Sociological
social class
Social groups
Economic
unemployment
inflation
disposable income
Ideology
mass media influence
manipulation
Sociological Model
Links voting with group membership
reflects economic and social position of the group to which they belong
importance of a social alignment
divisions
class
middle class
right wing
working class
left wing
gender
Ethnicity
Religion
Region
Peter Pulzer (1967)
"class is the basis of British party politics; all else is embellishment and detail"
Weakness
too focused on class
ignores individual
role of self-interest
link weakening to social factors
class dealignment