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DRUGS AFFECTING KIDNEYS AND RENAL FUNCTION (OSMOTIC DIURETIC: Mannitol…
DRUGS AFFECTING KIDNEYS AND RENAL FUNCTION
OSMOTIC DIURETIC: Mannitol (osmitrol)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Mannitol inhibits absorption of water from tubules .It forces urine production in people with acute or sudden kidney failure
INDICATIONS
Sometimes used during cardiovascular surgical procedures to maintain urine flow via kidneys
Reduces raised intracranial pressure after head injury or brain tumour
Reduces intraocular pressure
SIDE EFFECTS
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Pulmonary edema
Convulsions
Chills and dizziness
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Hypersensitivity to mannitol
Heart failure or severe pulmonary edema
Severe dehydration
Progressive renal disease
STORAGE CONDITIONS
Away from direct sunlight
Out of reach of children
Warm water in 80 degrees celcius
Periodically shake vigorously
ROUTE
Intravenously
THIAZIDE DIURETICS:Chlorothiazide (diuril)
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Chlorothiazide interferes with absorption of water and salt by early distal tubules by binding to and inhibiting sodium pump. Diuresis is then formed from water and salt being excreted from tubules.
INDICATIONS
Hypertension
water retention
Liver cirrhosis
Prevents renal stolne formation
SIDE EFFECTS
Hyperglycaemia
Metabolic alkalosis
Increased uric acid
Photosensitivity
Shortness of breath
Restlessness
Seizures and numbness
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Dehydration
Gout
Diabetes
Allergy to sulphonamide drugs
Kidney and liver problems
ROUTE
Orally
STORAGE CONDITIONS
Out of reach of children and pets
Protect fom direct sunlight
Store on room temperature
Store in dry place not in a bathroom
Don not freeze suspention
LOOP DIURESTICS: Furosemide (Lasix)
INDICATIONS
Congestive heart failure not responding to other diuretics
Oedema associated with nephrotic syndrome
Hypertension
Treats kidney disease
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Works by blocking absorption of sodium, chlorine and water from filtered fluid in kidney tubules causing severe diuresis
ROUTE
Injection or orally
Intravenously
SIDE EFFECTS
Weakness
Confusion
Severe dizziness
Muscle cramps
Nausea and vomiting
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Anuria-absence of urine
History of hypersensitivity to furosemide
STORAGE CONDITIONS
Out of reach of children
Should be stored tightly in the container it came in
Keep at room temperature away from moisture
Protect from heat
POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS: Aldactone(spironolactone)
INDICATIONS
TReatment of edema
hypokalaemia (decreased blood potassium level)
hypertention
Congestive heart failure
Cirrhosis of the liver
Premedication in patients with hyperaldosteronism
MECHANISM OF ACTION
Since aldactone is potassium-sparing diuretic , it means in exchange for relieving body of water and sodium it makes body retain potassium. The spironolactone works in this way to lower the high blood pressure, reduce swelling on lower limbs that can be caused by compromised heart function and also to protect heart.
SIDE EFFECTS
Muscle pain or weakness
Confusion
Tremours
Severe skin reaction or numbness
Hyperkalaemia
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Acute renal insuficiency
Anuria
Impaired renal excretory function
Addison's disease
Hyperkalaemia
Hypersensitivity to aldactone
ROUTE
Orally or topically
STORAGE CONDITIONS
Keep it in cupboard away from heat and direct sunlight
Out of reach of children
In a well labelled container in which it came