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Angiosperms (Classification of Flowering Plants (Monocots (Commenlinoid…
Angiosperms
Classification of Flowering Plants
Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG)
semi-informal collaboration of many systematists
Monocots
have only one cotyledon on each embryo
leaves have parallel veins
vascular bundles throughout stem
Commenlinoid Monocots
have a unique type of epicuticular wax
Eudicots
two cotyledons
reticulate venation in leaves
vascular bundles occur in 1 ring in stem
Basal Angiosperms
Before, classified as monocots or dicots
living descendants that originated while angiosperms were small clade
Water Lillies
Liliales
"petaloid" monocots
large colorful flowers
11 families & 1,300 species
Spots or lines on petals
Asparagales
Septa
carpels fuse side by side
Septal Nectaries
Open areas that secrete nectar
Dioscoreales
#
1 family
petiolate, broad leaves
easily mistaken for dicots
Arecales
#
3,500 species
solitary trunk
scattered vascular bundles
Poales
#
grass family
8,000 species
wind pollinated
Zingiberales
#
contains house plants
tend to have large showey flowers
Evolution of Gymnosperm to Angiosperms
Angiosperm Carpels
edges of sporphyll crowd against and grow shut
Closed Carpels
edges of sporophyll grow completely shut and develops into a fruit
Double Fertilization
sperm cell of pollen tube fuses w/ polar neclei of megagametophyte
one of 1st evolutionary transformation
Conversion of gymnospermous sporophylls into stamens and carpela
creating flowers
Primitively vesselless
lacking vessels
Ability to produce bisexual flowers
one of 1st evolutionary transformation
Fusion of Features
Carpels into a single structure
Pistil
Petals into a single structure
Sympetally
Floral zygomorphy
Flowers are bilaterally symmetrical not radially
Magnoliophyta
contains greatest # of living species
257,000
most advanced group of plants
peak of plan evolution
have flowers
Changing Concepts
Ranalean flowers
C. E. Bessey
Magnolia-type flower thought to be relictial
All parts are arranged spirally (generalized)
Change from gymnosperm to angiosperm occurred during the Mesozoic Era
Oldest Wood
Aptain Epocj (125 MYA)
First flower and fruits
Lower Crustaceous Period
