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CH 23 Seed Plants II: Angiosperms (Concepts (derived features (floral…
CH 23 Seed Plants II: Angiosperms
Concepts
Magnoliophyta
a single division
also called
angiospermophyta
angiosperm carpels
the edges of
sporophyll primordia
crowd against each other
and grow shut
some leaves leaving a visible suture
sometimes closing completely
closed carpel
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develops into a fruit
encloses the embryo as they develop into seeds
double fertilization
universal in flowering plants
secondarily vesselles
tracheid based
gymnosperm like wood is a derived feature
looks primitive
derived features
pistil
fusion of carpels into a single structure
sympetaly
fusion of petals into one structure
floral zygomorphy
flowers that are bilaterally symmetrical
not radially symmetrical
Classification Of Flowering Plants
flowering plants began to follow
two distinct lines of evolution
currently all angiosperms are classified as
monocots
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eudicots
basal angiosperms
early angiosperms diverged into
several clades
Basal angiosperms
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uniperturate
pollen grains have only
single germination pore
also basal angiosperms
monocots
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eudicots have
three germination pores
Eudicots
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Basal Eudicots
anthocyanin pigments
flowering plants have this
thi is in their flowers
betalains
carophyllales produce this
water soluble pigments
perisperm
nucleus cells from
nutritive tissue
Rosid Clade
consists of many families that
taken as a whole
are so diverse with respect to vegetative
body
flowers
chemistry
and ecology
two large clades of rosids are
fabids
aka eurosvids I
Malvids
aka eurosids II
contain more than 100 families
Asterid Clade
the most derived large clade of eudicots
contains plants such as
sunflowers
periwinkle
petunia
morning glory
many asteroids have
iridoid compounds
only occur rarely outside this group
asteroids have
greatest number of species
approx. 60000
grouped into small orders
cornales
ericales
grouped into two groups
orders
lamiids
tricolpate
pollen grains have
three germination pores
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Monocots
Commelinoid Monocots
four orders of monocots
differ from others in several unusual synapomorphies
have unique epicuticular wax
tepals
perianth members
asparagales
septa
carpels fuse side by side
starting at bases
fused sides are called septa
open areas secrete nectar
septal nectaries
Changing Concepts About Early Angiosperms
ranalean flower
a magnolia flower
was thought to be relictual
generalized
has all parts
sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels
these are arranged spirally
