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((Step 2: Development of the research question, The researcher must…
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The researcher must identify the subject or a topic that they want to study, and start conducting some
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which literature review exist on the topic ( Abend, 2008). The researcher must find out the types of
studies that have been done on the topic before and examine if there is a specific area that still needs to
be investigated or a certain question that needs to be replicated ( Abend, 2008). The topic studied must
be broken down into questions such as how and why. And finally the researcher has to evaluate the topic
and look if the topic have the possibility of interest in people, does the topic have information that would
provide accurate results looking at the time frame and the resources needed to conduct the research (
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cigarette smoking in South Africa among adult people only, and for their area of interest the researchers
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cause the regular use of Cigarette among learner’s between the age of 18 – 24 it was found that they
start at the stage of adolescents, which could be caused by the puberty stage. And the researchers have
also looked at the effects of Cigarette use and it was estimated that by 2030 cigarette use would have
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Is a brief explanation of a issue that needs to be addressed or a situation that needs to be improved. The
step identifies the rift that occurs between the present issue and the desired goal state of a process (
Alon, 2009). Stating the problem comprises of portraying the environmental problem that needs to be
solved, where the problem come from and also studying the effects that the problem could cause on the
user’s, finances, and o n ancillary activities ( Alon, 2009). The researcher must define the problem first
before drafting it, to avoid making a mistake of implementing solutions that will not meet the expected
results of the problem being studied (Alon, 2009). Then right after the problem have been defined, the
researcher must write it down and it must be put into action, mostly significantly the problem have to be
written in an understandable manner and valid in order to carry out successful results ( Alone, 2009).
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In the article given the researchers have stated their area of interest which is cigarette use among male
and female learner’s between grade 8 – 10 of different races in South Africa. The researchers have also
included some new information which was seen as a gap in the previous studies, for example the
previous studies only focused on adult use of cigarette smoke only, in this current study the researchers
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