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Motivation (Approaches targeting motivational processes (Transtheoretical…
Motivation
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Theories
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Next gen of theories: defined motivation strictly in behavioural terms - an automatic process shaped by environmental influences, satisfies basic organismic requirements e.g. sleep and hunger
Attribute behaviour to specific cognitive processes e.g. self-concepts of ability, values, expectancies
- Self-Determination Theory (SDT) = assumes that humans are growth-oriented organisms who pursue behaviour to satisfy 3 basic & universal needs (autonomy, competence, relatedness/ belonging)
~ SDT distinguished between autonomous & controlled motivation
- autonomous motivation = self-governing and intrinsically regulated behaviour that expresses and is consistent with one's values
- controlled motivation = contrived behaviour that is regulated by extrinsic forces e.g. rules, laws, social approval, $$ security
- psychological well-being is the product of intrinsically motivated and autonomous behaviour
Bernard et al.'s EVOLUTIONARY THEORY:
- multidimensional
- incorporates many constructs that pertain to addictive behaviour
- defines human behaviour as purposeful and oriented to survival of one's genes = inclusive fitness
West's PRIME THEORY:
multidimensional/ synthetic theory of motivation
- Plans = conscious mental representations of future actions
- Responses (reflexes)
- Impulses and inhibitory forces e.g. urges, affect
- Motives = experienced as desires, wants, needs
- Evaluation (evaluative beliefs)
x too simplistic, broad
Motivation = purposeful behaviour
- always in service/ function of an imagined/ anticipated goal
- consistent with expectancy/ goal theory
- amenable to change
- the longer one has to wait for something valuable, the less valuable it becomes = less likely to wait
- termination = period when there is little/ no activity invested in change process (not a stage of change)
- recycling = when the change process is reinstated, person reinvest in new altered plan
main goal of SDT = promote autonomy and overall well-being > more competent, connected, understood by people > autonomous motivation > self-determined and self-regulated behaviour